The new trend of international food machinery technology development

How will the development trend of international food machinery science and technology change? Countries such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), and the United States and Japan have revised a new round of technical standards related to food machinery. Safety and hygiene requirements have been further emphasized to meet and meet food safety requirements for food safety. Requirements; High-tech has been widely used in food machinery, has become a key content to improve the technical content of food machinery; technological innovation has been further strengthened, becoming an important measure and method for a new round of food machinery technology leapfrogging; barriers to technical barriers to higher barriers , Become the main form of food machinery technology competition. It can be seen from these new and significant changes that the international food machinery’s economic benefits are no longer the physical, physical, physical, and tangible capital of the traditional sense. Instead, they are high-tech, technical standards, and technical barriers. , technological innovation, safety and health and other intangible capital have a huge role. This role has become more and more significant in the process of global economic integration in the field of food machinery, and has become an important means to protect domestic economic interests, increase technological competitiveness, expand exports of domestic products, limit the import of foreign products, and is an open, intangible capital. The international food machinery market system focusing on technological competition is gradually being formed.

1. The role of high-tech has become increasingly prominent “High-tech” is a new concept with rich content that has emerged with the rapid development of modern science and technology. It is used to express high-end technologies that can achieve significant economic benefits, and is also a development of contemporary food machinery technology. The frontier and the key points of technological competition in various countries, it expresses the level of technological content of contemporary food machinery. When countries around the world evaluate the technical content of food machinery, it is often necessary to analyze the practicality of their high-end technologies. Looking at the technological development of the world's food machinery, the content of its international competition is mainly technical competition, and the promotion of the practical level of high-tech has become increasingly evident in the competition of food machinery.

The application of high technology in food machinery plays an important role in improving its production efficiency and economic efficiency, reducing energy consumption and production costs, increasing yields, and improving market competitiveness. At present, the high and new technologies widely used in food machinery include organic electro-optical liquid integration technology, automatic control technology, membrane technology, extrusion and expansion technology, microwave technology, irradiation technology, and digital intelligent technology, and thus have high technological content. More humanized food machinery new products are put on the market. Among them, electromechanical light-liquid integration technology, automatic control technology, digital intelligent technology, etc. have penetrated into the food machinery in all aspects of food processing, while other high-tech technologies are only applied to a certain area of ​​the food processing process. For example, membrane technology is mainly used for the separation of food processing, irradiation technology is mainly used for sterilization, and microwave technology is mainly used for sterilization and drying. The application of these high-tech technologies can not only ensure the nutrition, safety, hygiene, convenience, speed, and production cost of processed products, but also increase the production efficiency, the extraction rate of active ingredients of agricultural products, and the market competitiveness of products. Compared with traditional food processing technology, high-tech has greater economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits and other development advantages. Due to the constant application of various new and high technologies, the industrial development of the food industry in various countries has been greatly promoted, and batch production has been replaced by continuous production. General production is replaced by specialized production, and small and medium-sized production is replaced by large-scale production. The quality control of the final product has been replaced by full quality control, achieving continuous production, specialized operation, automatic adjustment, full-scale control, and industrialized operation of the food processing process. These technologies have straddled, mainly high-tech has played an important role in the application of food machinery, and this effect has become increasingly prominent.

2. National standards have tended to international standards In recent years, relevant standards for food machinery in various countries in the world have moved closer to international standards (or European standards), adopting international standards or regional standards as the main content of domestic technical standards, and achieving international food machinery technologies. The consistency and coordination of standards promote the smooth development of international food machinery technology exchanges and trade exchanges. According to incomplete statistics, by the end of 2005, about 100 countries had adopted equivalent international or European standards, making the convergence of international standards a major trend in the development of the world's food machinery. In the mainstream of this development, developed countries with relatively strong technological capabilities have taken more responsibility for the revision of international food machinery related standards, and have incorporated some of their technologies into international standards so as to obtain greater technical and economic benefits. The developing countries with weak technological capabilities must also follow the international path in the field of food machinery, and adopt equivalent or partial adoption of international standards. If they do not do so, they will be at risk of being marginalized by the international community. In particular, WTO members mostly use international standards as the basis for formulating their own national food machinery technical standards, thereby strengthening the role of international standards in harmonizing food machinery technical standards in various countries, and further consolidating the global status of international standards in food machinery. Economic integration. Therefore, international standards for food machinery are increasingly being accepted and adopted by countries around the world, and have gradually become the universally adopted technical standards.

In recent years, countries all over the world have stepped up the research on the revision and standardization of food machinery standards, and regard standardization as the strategic focus of food machinery technology development. The basic approach is to adopt their own effective measures to bring their food machinery standards closer to international standards or regional standards in order to try to occupy and enhance the commanding heights of technological competition. The main performance is:

The developed countries represented by the United States, Japan, Britain, France, and Germany actively participate in the international and regional standardization activities of food machinery in an attempt to occupy and control the right to formulate relevant international food machinery standards for a long time. They actively strived to undertake the drafting of international standards for food machinery, and incorporated domestic food machinery standards into international standards as far as possible to ensure that their national interests are fully reflected in international standards and to ensure that domestic food machinery is protected by the revision of international standards. The status in international competition to facilitate the expansion of domestic food machinery exports and limit imports.

In order to achieve the convergence of European standards and international standards, the International Organization for Standardization and the European Committee for Standardization have signed a technical cooperation agreement, the ISO/CEN Vienna agreement. In this agreement, the principle of prioritizing international standards was established. The European Committee for Standardization will try its best to adopt the existing international standards as European standards. In fact, most of the international standards for food machinery are transformed or upgraded by European standards. Therefore, European food machinery standards and international standards basically have the same consistency and coordination. EU member states adopt European or international standards in the design, manufacture, and use of food machinery. The roles and effects of the two standards are consistent. .

After political changes in the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries, according to the characteristics of their own development, the original member countries have gradually approached the European standards system and are committed to aligning themselves with European standards. At the same time, the European standardization body also adopted a series of measures to promote the entry of the Eastern European countries into the EU out of the current needs of the EU's eastward expansion, and brought its food machinery standards into line with European standards. In addition, Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States have also implemented a convergence strategy of “priority in adopting European standards” in order to achieve convergence of domestic food machinery standards with international/European standards.

3. Technical barriers have become the main form of technological competition. Technical barriers refer to the fact that developed countries rely on their own technological and economic advantages to expand export of domestic food machinery products by formulating harsh technical standards, technical regulations, and technical certification systems, limiting developing countries’ Food machinery products enter the country. In other words, technical barriers are supported by technology, and by increasing the technical threshold for the import of food machinery in order to increase the difficulty of imports, the purpose of protecting the interests of the country can be achieved. The key to the competition in the food machinery market in the world today is no longer the physical capital in the traditional sense of food machinery, but it depends on the transformation of food machinery technology into standards, patents, intellectual property rights and technical regulations, so as to obtain technical barriers and economic benefits. Ability. Especially in the international trade of food machinery, the role of tariff barriers is increasingly restricted, and the role of non-tariff technical barriers is increasing. In recent years, the developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and the European Union, through their own technological advantages and a large amount of funding, have organized their forces to conduct research on technical barriers specifically to take measures to protect human health, safety, and health. Established a large number of barriers in the formulation of technical standards for food machinery, technical regulations, etc.; or managed to incorporate or infiltrate the contents of the national food machinery standards into international standards, so as to ensure that international standards fully embody the competitive advantages of the country and provide food for the country. Mechanical expansion of exports and restrictions on imports provide prerequisites. These technical barriers have not only become a powerful means for countries to seize the commanding heights of technological competition, but have also developed into the main form of technological competition. The developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and the European Union have all established technical barrier systems, of which the United States and Japan use technical regulations and technical standards. And the certification system is the main content, and the European Union takes the European Union directive, the European unified standard and the European Union “CE” logo as the main content. For example, in the EU market, food machinery products produced in countries all over the world must be “CE” certified if they want to export to the EU market or EU countries. Customs authorities in the European Union refused entry of food machinery without the “CE” mark.
According to relevant data, about 80% of the trade barriers to international food machinery come from technical barriers. Therefore, technical barriers have been increasingly valued and widely used by developed countries. Developing countries have also begun to use technical arms to protect their interests. For example, technical adjustments can be achieved by adjusting and optimizing the industrial structure, strengthening the development of standard patents and intellectual property rights, providing support policies for export products, and restricting and regulating imported products and other technical measures. The extent of its technical barriers is related to the technological advantages and economic strength of various countries. As the food machinery technologies of developing countries generally lag behind those of developed countries, developed countries, by virtue of their technical barriers, can now drive domestic products directly into developing countries. At the same time, they also use these technical barriers to protect their own interests and to block the products of developing countries from their countries.

4. Technological innovation has become an important means for technological leapfrogging The history of the development of the world's food machinery shows that which country is good at technological innovation, its food machinery has developed rapidly, and its technological level is in a leading position in the world, otherwise it is in a passive backward situation. . Especially in today's economic globalization and the rapid development of science and technology, the technical competition of food machinery between countries is actually a contest of technological innovation. The technological leap of food machinery in various countries of the world is mainly because technological innovation has played an important role in its leapfrogging process and has become an important means for technological leapfrogging. The technological innovation capability of today's food machinery has become a decisive factor in the competitiveness of the world's food machinery. How big a country or an enterprise has done in technological innovation can win much initiative in the market competition of food machinery. Through technological innovation, it is possible to transform from simple technology to complex technology, from single technology to integrated technology, from traditional technology to high technology, and ultimately to realize the technological leap of food machinery as the starting point and destination of technological innovation.

In the history of the development of food machinery, some European countries (such as Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Denmark, Switzerland, and Netherlands, etc.) were the first countries in the world to carry out independent technological innovation. They took full advantage of their technological advantages and started the earliest Technology innovation characterized by technological leapfrogging. The United States first carried out technological innovation of food machinery through the purchase of advanced technologies from Europe. After decades of efforts, it has transformed itself into a powerful nation that has transformed itself from the introduction of technological innovations to independent innovation. By the middle and late 20th century, Japan, South Korea, and other countries actively studied the advanced experience of the United States from imitating innovation to independent innovation, and also achieved a technological leap in food machinery. Among them, Japan has become one of the major exporters of food machinery in the world. At present, most developed countries are investing heavily in human, financial, and material technologies in the technological innovation activities of food machinery. The investment of their innovative entities is generally 2% to 3% of the company's sales, and the high investment reaches 10%. %about. At the same time, governments of various countries also provide a large number of tilting policies and financial support for technological innovation to improve the technological innovation capability of food machinery, promote the technological competition of food machinery and expand exports. At present, the development effects brought about by technological innovation and technological leapfrogging in the countries of the world are mainly the formation of high-tech product brands and substantial economic interests in food machinery. Overall, technological innovation has become an important means for food machinery to achieve technological leapfrogging.

5. Safety and health have become the universal requirements for international food machinery. From the perspective of the development of international food machinery and its technical standards, there are no uniform technical regulations for the specifications, performance indicators and production capabilities of food machinery. There is a unified standard requirement for safety and health. In terms of international food machinery standards, not only have better safety standards and health standards, but also in the food machinery product standards are also related to better safety and health requirements. Therefore, safety and health requirements have become the prevailing requirements for international food machinery.

Based on the development needs of global machinery safety, production safety and food safety, countries in the world attach great importance to and vigorously develop food machinery that meets the requirements of safety and health; at the same time, research and formulate relevant safety and health standards, and regard safety and health requirements as international standards for food machinery. Important conditions. Its purpose is to: First, reduce errors in the operation of food machinery, reduce human or machine errors in the food processing process to a minimum, and secondly, prevent food machinery from operating in unsanitary conditions and environments that may cause pollution. The occurrence of substandard products in food processing; the third is to ensure the reliable operation of food machinery, to achieve safe production and clean production. In order to achieve the safety and health requirements for food machinery, the International Organization for Standardization and the European Committee for Standardization have formulated and issued a series of safety and hygiene standards for food machinery, and are equivalently adopted or coordinated by over 100 countries in the world.

Based on the increasingly serious global food safety, developed countries attach great importance to the research and application of safe production technology for food machinery. They all start with the design and manufacture of food machinery to achieve the safety and health of food processing. There are two ways to achieve this: First, to formulate and improve the technical specifications for food machinery; second, to strictly organize the design, manufacture, and application of food machinery in accordance with these technical specifications. Among these technical specifications, the most important is the mechanical safety and hygiene requirements for food machinery. The content covers the design and manufacture of food machinery, equipment selection and equipment, equipment installation and verification, and it is also an international food machinery research. , development and manufacturing requirements. The food machinery manufacturing industry of other countries is planned to be integrated with the international community and must meet the requirements of these safety and health technologies. It belongs to the basic conditions for the integration of food machinery and international standards.