The current situation of wind energy utilization in China

1. Wind pump

(1) Status of the industry. The wind energy resources in the southeast coastal areas of China are relatively abundant, with an average annual wind speed of 4m/s. Township and township industrial development in these areas is rapid, with large electricity consumption, poor conventional energy resources, and shortage of electricity in some areas where access to the power grid is serious. In order to meet the needs of low-lift and large-flow lifting operations such as farmland irrigation, aquaculture, and salt production in salt fields, local users have used some low-lift wind-lifting devices. For example, in Putian, Fujian Province, the use of wind power to raise water and salt, the suburbs of Tianjin use wind energy to discharge salt and nursery, Xintai City, Shandong Province, wind-air pump irrigation, etc., have achieved certain economic benefits. The promotion and application of wind power lifting units in the above areas is of great significance to the development of agriculture, fishery and sideline production. On the other hand, in China's regions with good inland wind energy resources, such as northern Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Qinghai, the average annual wind speed is 4-6 m/s, and wind speeds of 3-20 m/s total 4000-5000 h/year. This is a vast grassland special zone with a decentralized population and difficulties in the power grid. The use of deep-well wind-driven water-lifting units to provide drinking water for pastoralists and livestock or small-scale grassland irrigation has obvious social benefits for improving the living and production conditions of local herders. In addition, the lower reaches of Gansu, Xinjiang, and the Songhua River also belong to wind-rich areas and are suitable for the development of wind power.

(2) product type. In the product category of wind power lifting units, China has basically formed two series of south-type low-lift and large-flow wind-driven water lifting units and northern-type high-lift and small-flow wind-driven water lifting units. There are about a dozen product models. After rigorous production evaluation and practical application for many years, the quality of the products of these units is basically reliable, and the level of some units has reached or is in a leading position in the world. In recent years, China's low lift wind turbine units have been exported to countries such as Sri Lanka and Malaysia. Therefore, China's existing wind water lifting machine products can be gradually used at home and abroad.

(3) Development trends. In the future, the demand for wind power hoists in China will continue to increase. The forecasted development trend is as follows. In the Sanjiang Plain, Heilongjiang River, the dry field is converted into a water-lifting unit with a head of 5m and a flow rate of more than 30m3/h. According to market demand, if the model is successfully developed in 2005, it can develop 1,500 units by 2010. In the plain areas of Hebei and Shandong provinces, small household wind collection units with a lift of 15 to 30 meters are required. By 2010, 1,500 units will be developed. In the southeastern coastal areas, salt production, farmland irrigation and drainage, and aquaculture require low-lift and large-flow wind-driven water collection units, and 1,500 units can be developed by 2010. In Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, and Gansu provinces and other regions, high-lift and small-flow wind-powered water-lifting units are required to provide human and livestock drinking water and small-scale grassland irrigation water in the Grassland Zone. By 2010, 1,500 units will be developed. According to the classification of wind power lifting units, the development trend of main products and technologies: 1 Low-lift large-flow wind water lifters adopt rotary water pumps to extract surface water and shallow groundwater. 2 High-lift small-flow wind-driven water lifters use reciprocating pumps to extract deep groundwater. 3 wind water lifter - micro drip irrigation system. 4 Wind turbines - air pump water pumping units. 5 wind development machine - electric pump water pumping system.

2. Small Wind Generator

(1) Status of the industry. In the early 1980s, China used small-scale wind power generation as one of the measures to achieve rural electrification. It mainly researched, developed, and demonstrated the application of small-scale wind turbines for use by farmers and households. At present, the unit technology below 1 kw has matured and has been extensively promoted, forming an annual production capacity of 10,000 units. In the past 10 years, domestic sales of 5,000 to 8,000 units each year and more than 100 units have been exported abroad. At present, small-scale wind turbines of 100, 150, 200, 300 and 500W and 1, 2, 5 and 10 kw can be mass-produced. The annual production capacity is 30,000 or more, and the largest sales volume is 100 to 300W. In remote areas where access to the grid cannot be achieved, about 600,000 residents use wind energy for electrification. As of 1999, China produced a total of 185,700 small wind turbines, ranking the first in the world.

(2) Development trends. 1 The power increases from small to large. Household units increased from 50, 100w to 300, 500w to meet the needs of color TVs, refrigerators and washing machines and other electrical appliances. 2 Expanded from one household to one networked power supply. Use larger units or several small units in parallel to supply power to several households or a village. 3 From single wind power generation to multi-energy complementarity, that is, "wind-PV" complementary, "wind turbine-diesel" complement and "wind-PV-diesel" complementary. 4 The scope of application has been gradually expanded from home electricity consumption to communications and meteorological departments, military frontier guard posts, roads and railways, etc.

3. Large-scale wind turbines and localization of foreign units

(1) Large-scale wind turbines. The research and manufacturing of large-scale wind turbines in China is being accelerated. China Unicom Group Co., Ltd. and Spanish power company Made renewable energy company set up a drag-made wind power equipment Co., Ltd., Xi'an Aero Engine Co., Ltd. and Germany's nordex company established Xi'an Weide Wind Power Equipment Co., Ltd. The company produced a 660 kw 600 kw main generating unit, which has been installed in Liaoning Yingkou wind farm and grid power generation operation. The localization rate of these two units reached 40%. In addition, Zhejiang Yunda Wind Power Equipment Factory produced four 250 kw wind turbines based on the production of 200 kw wind turbines and was installed in the wind farm in Nan'ao, Guangdong. This is China’s most independent intellectual property and operating status. A good crew.

(2) Localization of foreign units. In the investment of wind farm construction in China, the unit equipment accounts for about 70%, and the realization of localization of equipment and the reduction of project cost are the need for the large-scale development of wind farms. However, the development of prototypes and the formation of products require a lot of investment. The relevant departments have developed two models of 200 kw prototypes, but they are also commercially available in the future. The leading products on the market have been developed to 600 kw units. In order to keep up with the world's technological development level, the introduction of foreign advanced and mature technologies, and the gradual realization of localization through digestion and absorption are in line with China's national conditions. The main components of large-scale wind turbines are manufactured in China, and its cost can be reduced by 20% to 30% compared with imported turbines. Therefore, localization is an inevitable trend for the development of large-scale wind turbines in China. The localization of large-scale wind turbines in China began with 250-300 kw units and developed to 600 kw. Towers can be manufactured in China. Generators and hubs have also been trial-produced in China. The above components are installed on imported wind turbines. If the quality meets the standards of the original machine, it can replace imported parts. Other components such as gearboxes, spindles, brake discs, and windward bodies can replace imported parts after successful domestic trials. According to China's production level and technological capabilities, the localization of large-scale wind turbines is entirely feasible. There are two main methods for the localization of 600 kw units. One is to pay for technology transfer fees to purchase a full set of manufacturing technologies, and to gradually improve and provide commercial products through independent development. The other is through the combination of technology and trade to buy a number of mature wind turbines, while introducing manufacturing technology, the formation of Sino-foreign joint ventures, in strict accordance with the original parts standards in the domestic production, and gradually increase the localization rate of components.

4. Wind farm construction process

(1) Wind farms continue to increase, and installed capacity continues to increase. From the perspective of the history of wind farm construction in China, after the first wind farm funded by the Ministry of Aviation and the Shandong Provincial Planning Commission in April 1986 was built to generate electricity in Rongcheng, Shandong, wind turbines were successively introduced into the country to build wind farms, and the installed capacity increased year by year. . In 1990, the cumulative installed capacity was 4000 kw. The largest single unit capacity was 200 kw. In 1993, the cumulative installed capacity was 14,500 kw. The maximum single unit was 500 kw. In 1995, the cumulative installed capacity was 3.75 kw. By the end of 1997, 433 units of national wind power plants were installed, with a capacity of 16.67. Million kw, the maximum single machine is 600 kw; in 1998 the total installed capacity reached 224,000 kw; in 1999 reached 262,400 kw.

(2) The stand-alone capacity of wind turbines has increased year by year. There are two types of domestically-manufactured wind turbines installed in the wind farm: one is a prototype for scientific and technological development or several units for subsequent production. Due to technical and quality issues, it is necessary to continue to improve; the other is to cooperate with foreign manufacturers to produce some components. Replacement with domestic can basically run normally. The imported units are mostly mature commercial units with high reliability. Such units are mainly pitch-adjustable and fixed-pitch stall-adjusting. The stand-alone capacity was 150-300 kw before 1996 and was later installed mainly. It is a 600 kw class unit.