The research on the crop root system has always been underway since the ancient times. In particular, the image technology developed in the last 20 or 30 years has made it possible to observe the growth and shape of the root system at fixed points in the field, and it is possible in many places in China. Use a precision analyzer such as a root analyzer or a root analysis system for analysis. Today is a simple introduction to a method for the study of rice roots for your reference. Rice roots are slender and long-term growth in flooded environments, and there are certain difficulties in accurate and complete sampling, measurement, and observation. Therefore, the research methods are lagging behind, and most of them are based on the reference to other plant root research methods. Its own characteristics to be transformed from. In the operation, the mining method is generally used for analysis and research. The diversification methods are introduced as follows. Since Weaver applied the excavation method to rice roots for the first time in 1923, the method for the study of rice roots began to be on the right track. Nowadays, based on the advantages of other methods, people have created a series of methods to study the distribution patterns of rice roots. 1 undisturbed soil method Using an iron plate rooter (3 mm thick, 30 cm long and 30 cm wide, and sharpened on one end), with rice as the center, excavate a piece of clay with a length equal to the row spacing, 5 cm wide and 30 cm deep, and fix the thin side on the nail plate. Wash the dirt and gravel to obtain rice root specimens that maintain the original stretch pattern. 2 Undisturbed soil column method Using an iron root picker or a watermelon knife, take a rice plant as the center and dig a soil column whose length is equal to the row spacing, width is equal to the spacing between the plants, depth is equal to 30cm, and the thickness is 5cm horizontally cut into 4~6 layers and loaded into nylon mesh bags at 50 The salt water was soaked for 1 to 2 days. The soil was washed away, the sand was washed out, and the impurities were removed to obtain the rice roots of each layer of the individual plants. The fresh weight, volume and dry weight of the rice roots in each layer were then determined as required. This method is simple and easy, and has less damage to the root system and can show the three-dimensional distribution of rice roots in the soil. 3 bag method Before transplanting, a steel pipe with a corresponding diameter and a depth of 30cm is punched in the field according to the area of ​​each plan, the pipe is digged and the soil is removed, and a nylon bag with a small diameter of 1cm is wrapped in a nylon tube and attached to the wall of the large pipe. The tube is filled with dirt and two iron pipes are drawn in sequence. In short, a net bag is pre-embedded in the field, and a rice plant is planted in the middle of the field. After a certain period of time, the bags are dug back and forth to clean the soil to obtain a more complete root system, which can be used for the determination of various indicators. This method was first adopted by Steen and E. in 1991. The advantage of this method is that it is directly conducted in Daejeon, and the obtained root samples have good universality and representativeness. 4 simple root box method Ding Ying, a well-known rice expert in China, used this method to make a breakthrough in the study of rice roots. The advantage is that it can accurately and reliably reveal the three-dimensional distribution of rice roots in the soil. The specific operation is: before the transplanting of rice, a square pit is dug in the field in advance, the length and breadth is the spacing of the rice plant or its whole multiple, the depth is about 30cm, and then put into a corresponding size of the wooden frame, the space of the frame is used. The grid of wire mesh or stainless steel screens is divided into several layers. Each layer of dug up soil is fixed. Until it is flush with the rice fields, it becomes part of the rice field. This ensures that the rice in the box is completely in line with the growth of the field. When it is required, it is dug out of the field and the water is leached from the top to the bottom layer by layer to reveal the complete support fixed by the screen mesh (wire mesh). Root distribution map. If you can use a digital camera or video camera to capture the map and input it into the computer, make a root specimen and perform corresponding processing, you can conduct the coordinate positioning of each root and the test of various root parameters. 5 plastic pipe soil column method The hard plastic pipe is first horizontally cut into sections of different lengths (as required) (the diameter is equal to the spacing between the rows), and then the length of the pipe is divided into two halves. Both the horizontal and vertical sections are fastened with metal sleeves and screws. In the earth pit, the nozzle is flush with the ground, and the soil 0 (composed of vermiculite, fine sand, and fine soil) is prepared as required by the test. Before sowing, N, P, K fertilizer and organic fertilizer were applied within 30cm of the surface layer according to the area and volume of the nozzle, and irrigation water was used to maintain the soil moisture suitable for rice growth. To facilitate sampling and prevent moisture from escaping along the wall, line the plastic bag and install suitable sand at the bottom to prevent root knots. During sampling, the ground is harvested first, then the pipe is excavated and placed flat in the pool; the closed sleeve of the plastic pipe is removed and the plastic pipe is opened to expose the soil column; after the soil column becomes loose, the root system is cleaned with water; The complete root system is taken out from the water and the indicators can be determined. This method is a method that has been applied to the study of crop roots by scientists around the world in recent years. It is more convenient for the study of the root system of dry rice, and its essence is the mining method that combines the advantages of the container method.
The die casting process involves the use of a furnace, metal, die casting machine, and die.
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The metal, typically a non-ferrous alloy such as aluminum, is melted in the furnace and then injected into the dies in the die casting machine. After the molten metal is injected into the dies, it rapidly cools and solidifies into the final part, called the casting.
The castings that are created in this process can vary greatly in size and weight, ranging from a couple ounces to 100 pounds. One common application of die cast parts are housings - thin-walled enclosures, often requiring many ribs and bosses on the interior.
Metal housings for a variety of appliances and equipment are often die cast.
Several automobile components are also manufactured using die casting, including pistons, cylinder heads, and engine blocks. Other common die cast parts include propellers, gears, bushings, pumps, and valves.
Study on Root Analysis of Rice by Digging Method