Multi-stage centrifugal pump structure and solution of common problems

Multi-stage centrifugal pump structure and solution of common problems

Centrifugal pumps account for the largest number of pumps of all types and are the main fluid transport equipment in the petrochemical production process. In the past, designers often left larger design margins when choosing centrifugal pumps.

Multi-stage pump mechanical seal installation (1) Dynamic ring assembly; Place the spring follower ring into the stopper, and insert the ring with the seal ring into the stopper. The seal ring should be coated with a small amount of grease. The dynamic ring of the stopper should be tightly assembled with the stopper and fit the assembled stopper into the sleeve. Measure the distance, then lock the positioning screw into the groove of the sleeve. To prevent loosening and pressing the sealing surface of the ring 2-3 times, confirm that the dynamic follow-up performance is good.

(2) Static ring assembly. Insert the gasket (sealer) in the correct direction into the stationary ring. After evenly applying a small amount of grease on the outer circumference of the gasket and the sealing cap, install the stationary ring into the sealing cap. At this time, confirm the positioning pin. position.

(3) Mechanical seal assembly. Apply a small amount of grease to the sealing surface of the static and dynamic seal rings. Insert the seal cover and the stationary ring into the spindle. Be careful to install the “0” ring in place. After completion, check whether the pin fits into the groove of the stationary ring and whether the stationary ring is sloping in.

Coupling removal method Because the coupling and the shaft are fitted with an interference fit, the coupling must be heated when disassembling the coupling. The heating temperature must not exceed 200°C. When disassembling the coupling, it is not allowed to use a hammer to strike directly. Instead, copper rods should be inserted and the hub of the coupling should be struck and the outer edge of the coupling cannot be directly hit, because it is easily damaged. The ideal way is to use special tools.

Rolling bearing inspection (1) Check the lubricant in the bearing of the sewage pump. Use your fingers to dip a little oil, first check the oil condition, then use your thumb and index finger to move against each other to check if there are any hard impurities in the oil. .

(2) Check whether the cage is complete, the position is correct, and whether the activity is easy. If the cage is damaged and cannot be repaired, replace the new bearing.

(3) Check the rotation of the rolling bearing. Rotate the bearing with your finger in the hole, and then let it decelerate to a stop. A good bearing should rotate smoothly with a slight rotational noise, but no vibration; if the bearing is bad, noise and vibration will occur during rotation. When stopping, it is not Gradually decelerates and stops, but suddenly stops.

(4) The surface of rolling elements and raceways cannot have spots, holes, dents, flaking, peeling, etc.

Rolling bearing clearance measurement Rolling bearing play clearance refers to; if a set ring (inner ring or outer ring) is fixed, the other ring is maximally active in radial or axial direction. Because of the different state of the bearing, clearance is divided into original clearance, cooperation clearance and working clearance. The original clearance refers to the clearance of the bearing in the free state before the installation; the matching clearance refers to the clearance after the bearing is installed on the shaft and the housing of the equipment. Due to the cooperation with the interference, the clearance is always smaller than the original clearance. Work clearance refers to the actual clearance of the bearing under working conditions. Under normal circumstances, the working clearance is greater than the matching clearance. The measuring method of the clearance is: the radial clearance can be measured with a feeler gauge or used to roll once under the ball to measure the thickness; the inner ring can also be fixed, and the outer ring's serial value (axial and diameter) can be measured with a dial indicator. From the above table, it can be seen that commonly used single-row radial ball bearings have a radial clearance of 0.01 to 0.04 mm, while the axial clearance is 7 to 12 times the radial clearance value. The clearance of the roller bearing is greater than the clearance of the ball bearing.

From the above table, it can be seen that commonly used single row radial ball bearings have a radial clearance of 0.01 to 0.04 mm, while the axial clearance is 7 to 12 times the value of the radial clearance. The clearance of the roller bearing is greater than the clearance of the ball bearing.

Causes of Damage to Rolling Bearings There are two kinds of damage to rolling bearings: one is that the bearing has reached the limit of life and wear is scrapped; the other is because of poor quality of maintenance and improper maintenance, resulting in premature damage. Most of the current bearing damage is early damage, the main reason is as follows;

(1) Poor installation, the centerline of the shaft is skewed, the surface of the raceway is partially stressed, and the raceways and rolling elements are rapidly fatigued.

(2) When assembling, the hard particles fall into the bearing and the raceway is distorted. When the rolling elements pass, the raceway crushes and the metal peels off.

(3) poor lubrication. Including; lack of oil, oil emulsification and so on.

(4) The bearing inner ring and the shaft have too small interference, causing the inner ring and the shaft to wear.

(5) There is a gap between the bearing outer ring and the bearing body, causing wear between the outer ring and the bearing body.

Fixed shaft head preparation method The degree of locking of the head of the impeller shaft head directly affects the stability of the operation after the pump is inspected. If the head pressure is small, the pump will run for a period of time and the cap will loosen, causing pump vibration, impeller wear, etc. In case of accident, excessive tightening of the cap will damage the spindle thread. Therefore, when tightening the cap, it is necessary to apply proper force. First apply molybdenum disulfide to the cap, and use a 300-long socket wrench to apply a certain force to lock. And lock the washer to the headgear.

Preparations for cap and shaft seizure When the main shaft cap is disassembled and disassembled, it is a phenomenon that the cap and the shaft are seized. This may be due to a slight burr on the screw or the screw thread inside the screw, and it is not possible to adopt a method of tightening the nut. First, the bolt loosening agent should be sprayed at the thread fitting, and then the outer edge of the preparation cap should be tapped with a copper rod so that the loosening agent enters into the spindle bolt and the cap is rotated while tapping. If you use this method can not solve the problem. You can only choose to destroy the method of preparing the cap. There are two methods for destroying the cap.

(1) Cut the symmetrical position of the helmet with a torch. When cutting the nut, it is required that the bolt of the spindle cannot be injured.

(2) Cut off both sides of the prepared cap with a cutting piece. When cutting, be sure to carefully observe the cutting place and damage the spindle screw. Then use a tick to remove the cap. Check the spindle for damage. If it is damaged, repair the screw.

The test center method is correctly installed with a special center finding tool to perform the check center work, requiring that the circle is less than or equal to 0.04. The end face is less than or equal to 0.04. (except special requirements)

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