China's tungsten processing industry adjustment accelerates products to high-end development

At present, there is still a big gap between China's tungsten processing technology, equipment level and independent innovation capability and foreign advanced level. According to the analysis of China Tungsten Industry Association, China's tungsten processing industry is in a critical period of industrial adjustment, product upgrading, enterprise restructuring and resource integration. However, the market demand is strong and the future development trend is the development of processed products to the high end. Due to the scarcity of its special strategic significance of the world's tungsten resources, developed countries have tungsten as an important strategic metal, no doubt, the world competition for the field of deep processing of tungsten and strategic resources will be increasingly fierce.

Development Status: Industry Adjustment Accelerates Resource Integration and Speedup

Liu Liangxian, vice president of China Tungsten Industry Association, said that China's tungsten processing industry is currently in a critical period of industrial adjustment, product upgrading, corporate restructuring and resource integration.

The economic benefits have increased significantly. Since 2004, China's tungsten industry has emerged from the lows for many years, got rid of the difficulties, achieved a historic leap, and the overall economic benefits have improved significantly. In 2003, the sales revenue of the whole industry exceeded 10 billion yuan. In 2008, it reached 3.9 billion yuan and the profit was 3.84 billion yuan.

In 2008, China's cemented carbide sales revenue reached 11.36 billion yuan, an increase of 95.19% over the 5.82 billion yuan in 2004; profits and taxes were 1.13 billion yuan, an increase of 117.31% over the 520 million yuan in 2004. In 2009, China's tungsten industry was severely affected by the global financial crisis and its economic efficiency declined.

Process technology and equipment levels have improved significantly. A batch of technological transformation, expansion and new projects with investment of several hundred million yuan have been completed and put into production, and a number of emerging tungsten processing enterprises have emerged. Through the introduction of advanced technological equipment and technical transformation, spray drying and gas pressure sintering equipment have been localized; Significant progress has been made in the formation of quality alloy forming technology, gas pressure sintering technology and new materials research, some of which have been at the world's leading level; product development speed is accelerating, the company's independent innovation capability has been enhanced, and the level of process equipment and product quality of cemented carbide Both have improved, economic strength and international competitiveness have increased.

Production capacity has increased significantly. According to the statistics of China Tungsten Association, at the end of 2009, the APT production capacity of 55 households of tungsten smelting enterprises was 180,000 tons; the production capacity of tungsten powder of 70 households of tungsten powder production was 61,600 tons; the production of cemented carbide by 199 cemented carbide production enterprises The capacity is 34,900 tons, which is 3.88 times that of 2000: the tungsten wire production capacity of 34 households of tungsten wire production reached 40 billion m, four times that of 2000.

The competitiveness of the international market has increased. According to customs statistics, the average annual average price of tungsten products exported from 2006 to 2008 was stable at more than 30,000 US dollars / ton of metal. In 2008, the average annual export price of tungsten products was US$34,287 per ton of metal, which was 4.62 times that of US$74,114 per ton of metal in 1998. In 2008, 3924.8 tons (physical quantity) of cemented carbide was exported, an increase of 160.27% over 1508 tons in 2000. The export value was 228 million US dollars, an increase of 75.38%.

In 2009, except for individual tungsten products, the cumulative average export prices of most tungsten products decreased significantly. The average annual export price of tungsten products was US$260,32.64/tonne metal, down 24.07% year-on-year, close to the 2005 price level. .

The structure of the export product was further optimized. The export grade of China's tungsten products has increased year by year. The export volume of primary raw materials tungsten products has been declining year by year. The output and export volume of tungsten products in the terminal consumption have increased. The pattern of exporting junior and middle-grade tungsten products has improved year by year.

In 2008, the export volume of junior and intermediate tungsten products accounted for 81.86% of the total export volume, which was 5.9 percentage points lower than that of 2007. The terminal consumption of tungsten products such as cemented carbide, tungsten wire and tungsten bar accounted for 18.14%, which was 5.9 higher than that in 2007. Percentage points. In 2009, exports of tungsten intermediate products accounted for 74.08% of total exports, down 6.98 percentage points from 2008; exports of tungsten, tungsten and hard alloys accounted for 25.92% of the total.

Development trend: strong market demand, processing products to high-end development

According to the China Tungsten Industry Association, demand in the tungsten market has continued to grow. World tungsten consumption is mainly concentrated in China, Europe, the United States and Japan. World tungsten consumption increased from 53,100 tons (tungsten metal, the same below) in 2003 to 64,600 tons in 2007, a net increase of 11,500 tons, an increase of 21.66%, an average annual growth of 5.02%.

Consumption declined in 2008, with consumption of 63,100 tons. It is expected that the growth rate will remain around 4% in the future. In 2009, China's tungsten consumption was 27,500 tons, an increase of 61.76% over the 17,000 tons in 2003, with an average annual growth rate of 8.35%. It is predicted that the average annual growth rate will be about 6% in the next five years. Mainly have the following aspects:

Industries closely associated with tungsten will continue to drive demand for tungsten. China's industrialization, urbanization and rapid development, steel industry, automobile industry, equipment manufacturing, transportation, electronic information, energy and other industries of mining and the demand for high-performance carbide will be steady growth, consumption of more than carbide 50% of total tungsten consumption.

Demand for high performance tungsten-based alloy materials is growing. In the future, high-tech weapons and equipment manufacturing, advances in cutting-edge science and technology, and rapid development of nuclear energy, there is an urgent need for high-performance tungsten-based alloy materials. Tungsten-based alloys are used to manufacture the key components of the armor and armor that attack various armor targets, the gyroscope inertia components of aircraft such as satellites and aircraft, the high temperature anti-ablative of the rocket, missile combustion chamber, nozzle, throat lining and rudder. Components, nuclear reactor insulation and radiation shielding materials have an irreplaceable position and role.

Demand for products such as tungsten wire and tungsten will continue to grow. Tungsten wire is used in electric light source materials to "light up" the world. Tungsten wire is widely used in electric vacuum lighting materials, direct hot cathode and grid of electronic oscillating tube, cathode of high voltage rectifier and side hot cathode, heater, X-ray tube and gas discharge tube , contacts for radio equipment and inert gas shielded welding, plasma welding, cutting, thermal spraying, etc.; tungsten and tungsten rods are also used in high temperature furnaces (up to 3000 ° C) heaters: high performance shock resistant tungsten wire for national defense , aviation, automotive manufacturing and electronics industries. With the rapid development of transportation and electronic information industry, the demand for tungsten wire, tungsten and other products will continue to grow.

Tungsten processing products are developing with high performance, high precision and high added value. At present, high-speed machining has been widely recognized as a processing technology that increases production and reduces manufacturing costs. Increasingly demanding machining requirements require continuous improvement of machining conditions and improved tool design, as well as the continuous development of tool materials and coating technology.

The application of nanomaterials, nanostructure coatings, coating coating technology in cemented carbide tools and tools, and ultra-fine cemented carbides will be the development direction of cemented carbide products. The machinery manufacturing industry will develop in the direction of precision, numerical control and comprehensive capability. It is necessary to develop tungsten products, especially hard alloys, in the direction of high-grade, small-batch and multi-variety. In the research and processing of new materials, high-performance products, advanced technology and equipment will be the development trend.

Such as high-precision cemented carbide and matching tools, functionally graded materials, ultra-fine and nano-scale cemented carbide development, hard alloy near-net forming technology, development and application of cermet, non-metallic ceramics, computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS) In the application of cemented carbide manufacturing, the development, application and development of tungsten-based alloys, the development of high-performance special tungsten wire.

Tungsten resources are rapidly developing to the downstream processing industry. Hunan's cemented carbide production accounts for more than l/4 of the country's total: Sichuan's cemented carbide production accounts for more than 15% of the country's total; Guangdong's PCB micro-bit production continues to rank among the top 4 in the world; Fujian's tungsten wire production will continue to rank first in the world The downstream industries such as Jiangxi cemented carbide have developed rapidly and continue to expand. The total economic output of tungsten industry has exceeded 50% of the total economic volume of the national tungsten industry.

At the end of 2008, Jiangxi's APT production capacity reached 86,700 tons, accounting for 48.17% of the national APT production capacity. The annual production capacity of cemented carbide after new construction and expansion has reached 5,300 tons, accounting for 15.2% of the national total, an increase of 430 over 2004. %; Tungsten and iron production in Jiangxi and Hunan provinces accounted for more than half of the country; Henan, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Gansu and other provinces (regions) also began to develop downstream tungsten industry.

Facing the situation: competition for tungsten resources and intensive processing is becoming increasingly fierce

Due to the scarcity of tungsten resources in the world and its special strategic significance, developed countries have listed tungsten as an important strategic metal, and maintain a certain amount of reserves throughout the year, especially in the United States, Japan and other developed countries are increasing reserves.

The United States began to carry out strategic material reserves as early as 1939; Japan's tungsten metal import dependence is over 90%. In order to maintain the competitiveness of its high-tech industry, the metal resource security policy that has been maintained for 20 years is revised to expand its rare metals. The reserve range of the variety.

Undoubtedly, the world's competition for tungsten strategic resources will become increasingly fierce. From the market analysis, the competition for high-tech and high value-added tungsten deep processing products will become more intense. The world's major tungsten companies and scientific research institutions have researched, developed and applied high-grade cemented carbide, high-performance tungsten-based alloys, special tungsten and tungsten materials, as well as new materials, new technologies, new processes and new equipment.

In recent years, new technologies and processes in the production process and technology of cemented carbide at home and abroad mainly include: precision forming, injection molding, extrusion molding, injection molding, multi-atmospheric gas pressure sintering and CVD-PVD process.

These processes have led to the advent of a variety of high performance new carbide materials. Since the 1980s, foreign countries have used the subsequent sintering heat treatment and deformation strengthening to increase the strength of tungsten-based high-specific gravity alloys such as W-Ni-Fe, and the piercing power of tungsten alloy armor-piercing bullets has increased greatly. For example, the core material of the German MD53 type tungsten alloy armor-piercing projectile has a static tensile strength of 1600 MPa and a 2000m range penetration thickness of 900 mm.

Competition in the tungsten market will become more intense in the future. In the context of economic globalization, in recent years, foreign tungsten-based enterprises have continuously increased investment in tungsten mining and smelting and processing projects, established production and sales systems and networks all over the world, and through acquisitions, mergers, etc. , continuously expanding production capacity and market share, has formed an integrated pattern of production, R&D and sales centered on these companies. At the same time, a large-scale entry into China to establish a wholly-owned company, firmly control the technological advantages and seize the Chinese market. Its capital strength, technical level, business philosophy and marketing strategy are significantly better than Chinese companies.

For example, in recent years, the world's top five carbide inserts, tools and construction machinery companies have invested in China. Kenner Metals Co., Ltd. invested and built factories in Shanghai Pudong and Tianjin Development Zone to produce carbide inserts, drill bits, tool holders, etc.: Israel Isa Metal Cutting Group is a wholly-owned construction in Dalian Development Zone, integrating R&D, design and manufacturing. IMC International Metal Cutting Dalian Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in the design, development and manufacture of carbide tools and related products; Sandvik Group has set up factories in Langfang, Hebei and Jiading, Shanghai to produce cutting tools and engineering tools; Italy SAMP and Shanghai Tools Factory Co., Ltd. jointly established a factory in Jiading, Shanghai; Japan's Tailuluo established Tailuo Superhard Tools (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Tailuo Luo Superhard Tools (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Tianjin Branch.

At present, the above five major groups have basically monopolized the global hard alloy CNC blade market, and the market share of CNC blades in China's hard alloy enterprises is small. It is foreseeable that the market competition in the field of tungsten processing, especially in the field of deep processing, will become increasingly fierce in the future.

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