Comprehensive Review of Causes of Unusual Wear on Forklift Tires

1 Under certain load and driving conditions, the forklift tires have a suitable tire pressure. When the tire pressure is lower than the standard value, the radial deformation of the tire increases, causing excessive deflection on both sides, resulting in grounding on both sides of the crown. The inner wall of the sidewall is under pressure, and the outer wall of the sidewall is pulled. The inner cord of the tire has large deformation and alternating stress. Periodic compression deformation will cause fatigue damage to the rewind cord, which will increase the relative slip between the tire ply and the tire and the ground. The heat generated by the friction will increase, the temperature of the tire will rise sharply, and the tensile strength of the rubber will decrease. Loose and partial delamination of the cords, punctures occur in the event of an impact. The uneven pressure on the tread makes the shoulder part wear out, resulting in a “bridge effect” and the tread is toothed or wavy. Tire pattern recesses easily embed road nails and stones, causing mechanical damage. Carcass rolling resistance increases, fuel consumption increases. Tests have shown that when the tire pressure is lower than the standard value of 20%-25%, the fuel consumption increases by 20% accordingly. When the tire pressure is higher than the standard value, the crown is grounded at the center, the contact area between the tire and the road is reduced, the load per unit area is increased, and the wear in the middle of the crown is intensified. The tire cord is overstretched, the carcass cord stress increases, the cord fatigue process is accelerated, and the cord is broken, causing the tire to burst early.

2 Under a certain load and tire pressure, the vehicle speed increases, the tire's deformation frequency, carcass vibration, and the tire's circumferential and lateral distortion (formation of standing wave) increase, and the heat generated by friction per unit time increases. The performance of the tires is reduced, and even the occurrence of cracks in the ply and the flaking of the tread may accelerate the wear and tear of the tire.

3 Under a certain tire pressure, the tire is overloaded and its deflection is increased. The stress of the cords and cords is increased, and the cords in the tire wall are easily broken, loose and delaminated. The force of the carcass cords will be affected. Exceeding the design allowable stress and the ground pressure of the tire, the amount of heat generated increases, the temperature of the carcass increases, and the carrying capacity decreases. At the same time, wear occurs due to the contact between the shoulder and the ground, especially in the case of obstacles, even a small stone can cause crown blasting. Practice has proved that in the case of driving on turning and uneven roads, when the tire load exceeds 20%, its mileage will be shortened by 35%; when it exceeds 50%, it is shortened by 59%; when it exceeds 1 time, it is shortened by more than 80%.

4 The road condition has a great influence on the service life of the tire. It affects the friction between the tire and the ground and the dynamic load on the tire.

5 The high temperature will reduce the rubber's tear strength, elongation and hardness, reduce the adhesion strength between the rubber and the cord, and accelerate the aging of the rubber. For tires that are exposed to high temperatures, especially tires that have already aged, it is easy to tear the tread pattern when they slip or roll over obstacles. Due to the aging of the sidewall rubber, cracks and severe deformation of the sidewall lead to the separation of the carcass layer cords from the rubber. Once the tyre has encountered a sudden load, it is very likely that a puncture occurs.

6 When the tire is subject to grease, acid and alkali corrosion and long-term high temperature, the physical and chemical properties of the tire will change, the carrying capacity will be greatly reduced, and it is very easy to use a tire during use. In addition, tires that have been corroded by oil will have blocky flaking of the air-encapsulant layer, rubber shedding from the small area of ​​the tread, and detachment of the carcass cord from the rubber. Because the patch cannot be affiliated with oily rubber, even if the damage to the tire is small, the possibility of repair is lost.

7Because of the different loads on the front and rear axles, different working characteristics of the driving wheels and steering wheels and differences in road conditions, the wear conditions of the tires are inconsistent. If the same axle, the same size, structure, level and pattern are not replaced on both sides of the same axle. The tires will accelerate tire wear.

8 In use, if you do not pay attention to a reasonable mix and regular exchange resulting in uneven load on the tire, it will also accelerate tire wear.