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What is the difference between laser transmission and microwave transmission?
Someone asked me what is the difference between laser communication and microwave communication. Let's briefly introduce the difference between the two.
Microwave communications are transmitted using microwaves, and so-called microwaves are electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves with frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz are microwaves. Laser transmission is carried out by laser. Laser is a type of light wave, but it also has electromagnetic wave characteristics.
Laser transmission
When it comes to the difference between laser and microwave, the most obvious is their frequency. The frequency of the laser is up to hundreds of millions of trillions, which is more than 100,000 times of the microwave frequency. However, since the frequency of the laser light is too large, the wavelength of the laser light is very short, so the laser light has less fluctuation than the microwave.
However, since the laser has the unique duality (wave and particle properties) of light waves, it has attracted much attention in communications industries such as military communications, where cryptographic requirements are high.
The working principle of laser communication and microwave communication is almost the same. First, it will be emitted by the transmitter as a carrier laser, modulated by the modulator, sent to the receiver at the back end, and then decoded by the receiver's decoder. The difference between the two is that laser communication uses laser as a carrier, while microwave communication uses microwave as an information carrier.
Lasers and microwaves can be divided into wired and wireless transmissions. Cables can be transmitted over optical fibers, while wireless transmissions can be through air. However, lasers can also be transmitted underwater, while microwaves cannot.
Microwave transmission is more susceptible to interference than laser transmission, but as long as the environment is located without too many interference sources, its practical microwave transmission is not bad. In addition, laser transmission is a straight line transmission, and microwave transmission can be transmitted by diffraction. Therefore, microwave transmission has a wider application environment than laser transmission.
Finally, the price difference between laser transmission equipment and microwave transmission equipment must be mentioned. There is no doubt that laser equipment is more expensive than microwave equipment. In the case of civilian and commercial use, microwave transmission equipment is more cost-effective. In some special environments or in environments with high confidentiality requirements, lasers are more appropriate.