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First, the training model emerged in practice
The new model of peasant cultivation needs to form a typical model
[China Agricultural Machinery Industry News] How to effectively and comprehensively promote the cultivation of new professional farmers? In this regard, the society has been actively exploring and learning from each other in order to find a mode of operation suitable for the local economic and social development. Therefore, it is very important to summarize the typical models of the whole country since the cultivation of new professional farmers, and to constantly improve and promote them.
The new model of peasant cultivation needs to form a typical model
The first is the farmer field school training model. It is represented by the training model of Beijing Farmer Field School. The Farmer Field School is an educational form that uses experimental learning to enhance the specialized skills of farmers and is an organized practice of farmers. The main features of this model are government promotion and cooperation. The Farmer Field School is operated under the principles of peasant voluntarism, government support, linkage, service industry, science and technology support, and management regulation. It is managed by the municipal or county agricultural administrative or industrial management departments, and is led by the Agricultural Technology Promotion Department to encourage research institutes. The association, associations, enterprises, and cooperative organizations are actively involved. The Farmer Field School has become an experimental platform for farmers to participate independently and improve each other. It is also an important way for farmers to improve their quality and build capacity.
The second is the on-site conduction training mode. On-site transmission of training objects is mainly for first-line farmers engaged in agricultural production. This model focuses on solving problems in current production and work and promoting the use of new technologies by conducting lectures, demonstrations, operations and answers to farmers in rural fields, factory workshops, and engineering construction bases. The content of the training strives to highlight practicality and pertinence. Farmers are easy to learn and understand; the goal is to strive for one training and only one problem. The training time is mainly selected during the production season, and the period should not be too long. It is suitable for about 1 week. The training teacher must have rich practical experience and strong practical operation ability, and the training materials should be concise.
The third is a typical demonstration training mode. The typical demonstration is that the government, universities or enterprises set up agricultural science and technology demonstration parks and demonstration sites, establish a typical model of regional agricultural science and technology development, build a platform for the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements, form an agricultural science and technology training base, and guide the farmers to voluntarily learn technology. The model is first organized by the government, universities or enterprises to organize the establishment of agricultural practical technology, high-tech demonstration and promotion base. By implementing agricultural science and technology projects, attract or establish agricultural enterprises in order to generate economic benefits. Subsequently, the use of economic benefits to attract farmers to participate voluntarily in the science and technology training, resulting in a strong demonstration of radiation technology.
The fourth is the project-driven training model. The project is promoted by a certain agricultural science and technology project with development value as the carrier, serving the farmers to get rich, improve the quality of farmers, and realize the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. It adopts diversified trainings such as on-site guidance, classroom teaching, radio and television, and visits. Ways and methods for project training, and provide comprehensive services for production, supply and marketing. The mode is first to select the right project, to carry out pilot demonstrations of the project, and to increase the enthusiasm of the majority of farmers. Then, organize the power of the agricultural science and education, and start the project training. Through project training and promotion, a one-stop production and management system for trade, industry and agriculture integration, production and sales, and a road to agricultural industrialization will be formed.
The fifth is the media communication training model. Media communication is to train farmers in agricultural science and technology knowledge through traditional electronic media (broadcasting, television, audio and video) and print media (newspapers, magazines), as well as modern online media (local area network, Internet, satellite network) and other technical means. The model firstly conducts research on training information needs for farmers and formulates training plans based on actual needs. The second is to develop training information resources, build a multimedia material library for agricultural technology, produce practical technology multimedia courseware, and open agricultural information websites. Through the construction of the technical means platform of media communication training, a network service system of five levels of city, county, township, village and household is established. After that, the training content will be taught through electronic media, print media, online media, etc., and the typical model will be used to steadily expand the training effect and radiation surface.
Second, the principle of innovation training mode
The first is overall coordination. Innovating and promoting the new vocational farmer training model is a systematic, holistic and complex social system project involving many government departments such as agriculture, education, science and technology, as well as social organizations such as universities, enterprises, and civil organizations. Therefore, we must pay attention to strengthening organizational coordination, clarifying responsibilities, establishing an operational mechanism for the combination of production, education and research, the combination of agricultural science and education, and large cooperation, and promoting the cultivation of farmers to bring into play comprehensive benefits.
The second is people-oriented. To adopt any kind of training mode, we must adhere to the main position of the peasants. Only by fully listening to the opinions of the peasants, respecting the wishes of the peasants, not taking the peasants as masters, and not engaging in forced orders, can they attract farmers to actively participate in the cultivation of new professional peasants. Innovative training mode should focus on discovering, cultivating and training new professional farmers in practice, carefully cultivate and cultivate, and focus on cultivating new professional farmers who can be used and retained in rural areas, so that the total number of new professional farmers and agriculture and rural economic and social development The demand is adapted, the structure of the new professional peasant is coordinated with the strategic adjustment of the agricultural and rural economic structure, and the quality of the new professional peasant is synchronized with the transformation of the agricultural growth mode.
The third is the focus. It is necessary to base on the leading industries of agriculture, the development of characteristic industries and advantageous industries, and the service industry and supporting industries as the foothold of training. According to the level of industrial development and the characteristics of training objects, on the basis of system design and overall layout, grasp the current development trend of agriculture and rural economy, highlight key points, form characteristics, and focus on agricultural production and management and rural social management services. The main training object is the new type of professional farmers with strong ability and wide use of radiation.
The fourth is to adapt to local conditions. The conditions of economic development and natural environment vary widely across the country, and local governments have large differences in their ability to support agriculture. Therefore, there is no possibility of a “model†that is universally applicable. It must rely on the actual situation of each place, use the existing model for reference, or create a new training model based on its own agricultural and socio-economic development. . At present, training models such as farmer field schools, agricultural technology promotion face-to-face, and teaching to the countryside should be vigorously promoted.
(Original title: Exploring an effective model for the cultivation of new professional farmers)