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"By 2020, China's CO2 emissions per unit of GDP will be reduced by 40% to 45% on the basis of 2005. Non-fossil energy accounts for about 15% of the primary energy ratio, and 40 million hectares of forest area and 1.3 billion cubic meters will be added at the same time. Rice forest stock volume.†China’s commitment at the Copenhagen conference will certainly increase the pressure for the formulation of the “12th Five-Year Plan†energy-saving emission reduction targets. How to co-ordinate the scientific and sustainable development of the next two five-year plans, how to uphold the "Eleventh Five-Year" low-carbon road, and encourage the "12th Five-Year Plan" green road, "12th Five-Year" energy-saving reduction The determination of the row goal becomes the only solution to the above equation.
Starting with Low Carbon and Goal Setting First Under the dual pressures of international carbon emission reduction and domestic economic growth, China's energy issue is facing an intersection at which it must determine its future strategic direction. A low-carbon strategy is imperative.
The book "Low Carbon Management" positions the "low-carbon strategy" as "a low-carbon development model, product standards, and unending goals." This is a systematic project. The author Chen Jun divided the low-carbon strategy into three phases: energy conservation and emission reduction, use of new energy, and carbon capture technology. For the current China, the large-scale implementation of carbon capture technology is too unrealistic, and the application of new energy is also in the initial stage, the effect is limited, only energy-saving emission reduction is the most feasible and most practical way.
The starting point is easy, but it does not mean that the front is straightforward.
"Energy-saving is not just about responding to climate change, but energy conservation also deals with energy supply security. Energy-saving goals are also a good starting point for implementing resource conservation and environmental protection," Yang Fuqiang, director of the World Climate Change Global Climate Change Response Program, told reporters.
During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, energy-saving and emission-reduction progressed in a high song. It basically completed the goal of reducing energy consumption per unit of GDP by 20% in comparison with that in 2005, but it also paid for the pain of economic development. .
The opening year of the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†will not only rapidly promote the transformation of China’s economic structure, achieve a green economy development model, but also transform the economic development model into a “soft landingâ€, which can not only reflect the responsibility of big countries but also protect itself from “hangingâ€. "The development of energy-saving and emission reduction targets has become a strong promoter of China's low-carbon strategic science.
Inheritance and moderation, moderate and strict "The 12th Five-Year Plan must insist on formulating high energy-saving and carbon reduction targets and strengthen implementation so as to produce effective results," said Yang Fuqiang.
According to Yang Fuqiang, according to research conducted by related departments, the growth rate of heavy chemical and high energy-consuming industries will slow down during the 12th Five-Year Plan period. Coupled with the government's regulation of real estate and the adjustment of high-energy-consuming industries, the growth rate of energy consumption will be reduced. If the energy saving target of less than 18% is adopted during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period, that is, the “inertia†of economic development can be achieved, it will lose the guiding significance of policy objectives and will not be conducive to responding to the various serious challenges facing China.
In addition, the basis for energy-saving and emission-reduction laid down during the “11th Five-Year Plan†period is also the reason why Yang suggested adhering to high goals. Various energy conservation and emission reduction measures introduced during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period were further improved and implemented. In the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, more vigorous market mechanisms and incentive measures such as price, taxation, carbon market, incentives, and carbon taxes were introduced. Yang Fuqiang strongly believes that the goal of energy conservation that achieves a 20% reduction in energy intensity during the 12th Five-Year Plan period is guaranteed.
With the gradual transformation of the economic structure and the continuous development of energy-saving technologies, the high goals for energy conservation and emission reduction in the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†seem to be very optimistic. “The total structural energy saving during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period accounts for less than 10% of the total energy saving, and technology and energy conservation account for the vast majority. “The 12th Five-Year Plan period will focus on adjusting the economic structure, and it is clear that the economic structure of energy saving will play a decisive role. Therefore, the goal of energy conservation during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period must be set higher in order to guide and pay attention to structural energy conservation," Yang Fuqiang said.
Target allocation, suiting measures to local conditions The “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†that first included energy conservation and emission reduction as a binding goal has been perfectly completed. Many experiences and lessons learned will become valuable assets for China to implement a low-carbon strategy. Based on this, the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†indicators are established and implemented. Will be more scientific and more reasonable.
With experience, there are ways to optimize.
Xie Zhenhua, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, once stated that during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period, it will make greater use of market mechanisms and economic instruments to achieve the goal of reducing carbon intensity. For example, carbon trading has already been explored in places like Tianjin, Beijing and Shanghai. In the “12th Five-Year Plan†period, carbon trading may go faster.
Regarding the implementation and allocation of energy-saving and emission-reduction targets, Ma Zhong, dean of the School of Environment of the People's University of China and member of the Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, also mentioned in the article “Understanding and Rethinking Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Indicators†in energy conservation and emission reduction targets. In terms of selection, regional pollution characteristics should be considered and suitable emission reduction targets should be selected. In terms of allocation of energy-saving and emission reduction indicators, it is recommended that regional economic, social, and environmental characteristics be fully considered so that national sustainable development strategies and regional development can be integrated and balanced. Large-scale support for policies, funds, and technologies in the central and western regions will promote energy conservation and emission reduction. Treatment of enterprises should fully consider the nature of enterprises, energy consumption, and the amount of pollution emissions, and rationally allocate enterprise indicators, while adopting active funds and technologies. And information support policies to promote the implementation of energy-saving emission reduction targets.
With a clear goal, we can only go practically; our goal is reasonable and we can do everything we can to achieve it. Riding on the "Eleventh Five-Year" energy-saving emission reduction Dongfeng, the "Twelfth Five-Year" energy-saving emission reduction goals will use what kind of strength? This is a gesture, but also a kind of discord, it is a kind of wisdom that links up with the rest and rationally coordinates.
Analysis of Low Carbon Policy of the National "Twelve Five-Year Plan" Outline
Since the introduction of the national "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" outline last year, all kinds of speculations and discussions about the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" energy saving and emission reduction targets have also buzzed. Different data, different reasons, different perspectives, different opinions, and different opinions.