Introduction to the universal joint

Introduction to the universal joint

There is a very important part of the car called the universal joint. The universal joint is combined with the drive shaft and is called a universal joint transmission. In front-engine rear-wheel drive vehicles, the universal joint transmission is installed between the transmission output shaft and the transaxle final drive input shaft; while the front engine front-wheel drive vehicle omits the drive shaft, universal joint installation Between the axle axle and the wheel, both the drive and the steering.

So, what role does the universal joint play in the car?

A car is a moving object. In a rear-drive car, the engine, clutch and transmission are mounted as a unit on the frame, and the transaxle is connected to the frame via a flexible suspension with a distance between them that needs to be connected. The unevenness of the road surface during the running of the vehicle, the load change or the difference in the installation position of the two assemblies will change the angle and distance between the transmission output shaft and the input shaft of the transaxle final drive, so a “strain change” is used. "The device to solve this problem, so there is a universal joint.

By the same token, this universal joint is required to be "jointed" between the off-road vehicle transmission and the transfer case, between the front-drive steerable drive axle and the axle. The structure and function of the universal joint is somewhat like the joint on the limbs of the human body, which allows the angle between the connected parts to change. However, it has a different form of activity from the joints of the limbs, and it only allows the angle to vary within a certain range.

At present, a common universal joint that is most widely used in rear drive vehicles is composed of basic parts such as a universal joint fork and a cross shaft. The cross shaft is assembled on the universal joint fork, and the needle shaft of the cross shaft is provided with a needle bearing. When the shaft head is connected to the universal joint fork, the cross shaft and the universal joint fork can have relative rotation. There are multiple angle changes. The spline connection on the universal joint fork can be used for small axial movements, thus adapting to the need for simultaneous changes in angle and distance.

A single universal joint cannot make the instantaneous angular velocity of the output shaft and the shaft into the shaft equal, which is easy to cause vibration, which will aggravate the damage of the machine and generate a lot of noise. Therefore, the universal joint transmission form of the rear drive vehicle adopts a double universal joint, that is, there is a universal joint at each end of the transmission shaft, and the function is to make the angle between the two ends of the transmission shaft equal, and ensure the output shaft and the shaft into the shaft. The instantaneous angular velocities are always equal.

In order to meet the angular changes caused by the power transmission, steering and the up and down jump caused by the running of the car, the drive axle of the front drive car is also commonly connected with the universal joint between the axle and the axle. Due to the limitation of the axial dimension, the required declination is relatively large, and the common universal joint is difficult to perform, so a wide variety of constant velocity joints are widely used. In a typical front drive car, each half shaft uses two constant velocity joints, the universal joint near the transaxle is a half shaft inner joint, and the axle near the axle is a half shaft outer joint. In all kinds of constant velocity joints, it is common to be a ball cage type joint, which uses six steel balls to transmit force. When the drive shaft and the driven shaft are at any angle of intersection, the steel balls are located at the intersection of the two gardens. , that is, on the bisector of the two-axis intersection angle, so as to ensure the angular velocity transmission of the main and driven shafts.



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