Underground gun smoke poisoning prevention and emergency rescue

Underground blasting is prone to generate a large amount of toxic gas. If the working space of the roadway is narrow, the ventilation is insufficient, and the workers operate illegally, it is easy to cause gun poisoning. The lighter ones are upper respiratory tract irritation or bronchitis symptoms, and the severe cases are toxic pneumonia. , toxic pulmonary edema, cerebral edema, if the rescue is not timely, may die due to cerebral edema, respiratory failure. According to relevant statistics, in the blasting projects at home and abroad, the deaths from gun poisoning accounted for 28.3% of the total blasting accidents. It can be seen that toxic gas is one of the important causes of death accidents in the underground, and it must be paid enough attention to this.

Gun smoke constituents

The underground gun smoke is the smoke generated after the explosion of TNT explosives. It is a mixed harmful gas. The main components are carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides (such as nitrogen dioxide), in addition to sulfides (such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide). Toxic and harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, and a large amount of dust is generated by blasting.

Poisoning clinical symptoms

Clinical symptoms will show a combination of carbon monoxide poisoning and nitrogen oxide poisoning.

1) symptoms of the nervous system, headache, dizziness, insomnia, blurred vision, lips, nails, skin and mucous membranes appear cherry red, coma and other symptoms of hypoxia, severe cerebral edema

2) Respiratory symptoms, coughing, bloodshot sputum, suffocation, etc. The lungs can smell and squeak and wheezing. In severe cases, extreme dyspnea, coughing white or bloody foamy sputum, massive wetness of the lungs, coma, severe pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema or severe myocardial damage, etc., may eventually die from respiratory failure.

Regardless of carbon monoxide poisoning, or pulmonary edema caused by nitrogen oxide poisoning, there are delayed symptoms, that is, the symptoms of the poisoned person are not very symptomatic, but after a period of time, the condition is sharp, such as oxidative poisoning in 2 to 60 days. After the "false overdue", there is a delayed encephalopathy, and the oxynitride poisoning will develop delayed pulmonary edema after 1 to 3 days. Therefore, if necessary, a sufficient time of clinical observation should be made for the poisoned person.

Gun smoke poisoning prevention

1, the correct choice of blasting permitted explosives

1) The selected explosive components are required to be designed reasonably and produce less harmful gases.

2) The explosion reaction is zero oxygen equilibrium or close to zero oxygen balance.

3) Pay attention to the proper storage and performance inspection of explosives, because the explosives that are deteriorated by moisture and severely hardened will produce a large amount of toxic gases.

2. Strengthen mine ventilation and watering

1) Good ventilation not only provides fresh air to the staff, but also an important measure to clean and dilute the harmful gases in the air after blasting. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen ventilation management to reduce air leakage and ensure sufficient air volume. The boring face is ventilated by a local ventilator, and a ventilator is prohibited from supplying air to the two working faces at the same time.

2) On the one hand, sprinkling water can convert NO2, N2O4 and N2O3 with high solubility into nitrous acid and nitric acid. On the other hand, it can also help to expel insoluble nitrogen oxides from gravel piles or rock seams for outflow with wind. In the working surface, a certain concentration of alkaline solution such as limestone and soda can be added to the water to improve the purification effect.

Before and after shooting, fully sprinkle water within 20 meters of the shooting position to absorb and dissolve the harmful gases and rock dust generated by the shooting, and purify the air.

3) After blasting, after confirming that the downhole air is qualified and the waiting time exceeds 15 minutes after ventilation, the inspection personnel are allowed to enter the blasting operation place.

4) The amount of explosives in one blast should not exceed the capacity of the ventilator. Because the air volume is insufficient, the guns are not easy to dilute.

Gun poisoning emergency

Mine enterprises that have blasting should formulate the "Emergency Plan for Gunpowder Poisoning Accidents" according to the actual situation of the enterprise, formulate the "Special Plan for Gunpowder Poisoning Occupational Disease Hazard Accidents" for the treatment of poisoned personnel, and regularly carry out emergency drills for gun poisoning.

Rescue and disposal measures:

(1) The local fan in the hazardous area remains open.

(2) Rescuers wear protective equipment such as gas masks and self-rescuers before entering the danger zone.

(3) Put a gas mask and self-rescuer on the poisoned person when necessary, and quickly move the poisoned person to a place with fresh wind and keep warm.

(4) The poisoned person has not stopped breathing or the breathing has stopped but the heart is still beating. First remove the debris in the mouth and nasal cavity of the poisoned person, so that the breathing can be kept open, and artificial respiration is performed.

(5) For those in distress who have stopped heartbeat, the chest should be squeezed out quickly and artificial respiration should be performed at the same time.

Decision suggestion:

(1) Conscientiously implement the spirit of the instructions of the leading comrades of the central and state departments, put the rescuers first, take measures, scientific rescue, do everything possible to rescue the trapped people, and spare no efforts to treat the wounded and prevent secondary accidents.

(2) Corresponding treatment measures should be taken according to the type of toxic gas.

(3) Block accident scenes and dangerous areas to prevent secondary poisoning accidents.

(4) Before the operation is resumed, measures such as ventilation and watering should be taken at the site to eliminate the danger.

(5) After on-site treatment, he was quickly transferred to the hospital for further treatment to prevent sequelae.

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