The recovery of the world's machine tools has clearly maintained a steady growth

According to the “2010 Survey of Machine Tool Production and Consumption in the World”, the global metal processing machine tool manufacturing industry has generally gone out of recession. In the past two years, the growth of world machine tool production has fluctuate greatly. In 2009, the production value of 28 major machine tool producing countries and regions in the world fell by 32%. In 2010, as the economy of major machine tool producing countries and regions gradually recovered, the total output value of the global machine tool manufacturing industry reached 66.3 billion U.S. dollars, a year-on-year increase of 21%. The "World Machine Tool Production and Consumption Survey" covers 28 countries and regions with machine tool manufacturing industry and statistical data. The machine tools produced cover 95% of the world's total output value, and consume most of the machine tool products.

World Machine Tool Recovery Significantly Continued Steady Growth According to the statistics of the European Machine Tool Industry Council (CECIMO), in 2010, the output value of machine tools of CECIMO member countries totaled 16.6 billion euros, a slight decrease of 1% over the same period of 2009. In this regard, Frank Brinken, chairman of the CECIMO Economic Committee, believes that with the release of order capacity, the double-digit growth of the industry's production in 2011 is expected. The European machine tool market will enter a stage of stable and sustained growth, and it may reach a new level by 2013. peak.

In 2010, the export value of machine tools of CECIMO member countries was 12.3 billion euros, accounting for about 3/4 of the total output value. As for consumption, the apparent consumption of machine tools in Europe has continued to decline for two consecutive years compared to 2009 and 2008. In addition, in 2010, European machine tool production accounted for about one-third of the world's total production of machine tools, and in 2009 its share was 43%. It can be seen that the market share of European machine tools has decreased significantly, and the European machine tool industry is facing a huge challenge. In this regard, CECIMO called on the EU to further open its markets to Asia. Anti-competitive behavior will not be conducive to restoring the market share of European machine tools.

Significant growth in machine tool trade China has become an export powerhouse affected by the international financial crisis. In 2009, China's exports of metal processing machine tools to Brazil, Russia, and India had fallen sharply. After entering 2010, as the Asian region and emerging economies took the lead out of the predicament compared with European and American countries, the structure of China's machine tool export market also changed significantly. According to Luo Baihui, executive director general of the International Mould and Hardware & Plastics Industry Suppliers Association, China's exports of machine tools to the BRICS countries have rebounded sharply, with exports to Brazil, Russia, and India all ranking in the top 10. In the first half of 2010, China’s exports of metal processing machines to India surpassed that of the United States for the first time, reaching US$140 million, accounting for 7.4% of China’s total machine tool exports; and the growth of exports to Brazil and Russia were all above 80%, ranking respectively from the previous year. The sixth and fourteenth places rose to the third and eighth places. The ASEAN region’s markets continue to be positive, with Myanmar, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia all entering the top 15 of China’s export market, and their export volumes have exceeded 2008 levels. In particular, the export of CNC machine tools in Myanmar has experienced rapid growth in the past two years. In 2009, the export value increased by more than six times, and in 2010 it has doubled again.

From April 11th to 16th, China International Machine Tool Show was held in Beijing. 156 machine tool companies from Germany made a high-profile appearance. The net exhibiting area reached 8,600 square meters. The German exhibitor's exhibition record was refreshed again, and the German delegation was on display. Will fully display innovative products and solutions.

On April 12, the German Association of Machine Tool Manufacturers held a press conference in Beijing. The meeting revealed that the trade in machine tools between China and Germany has achieved significant two-way growth in recent years. In 2010, China ranks seventh among the important machine tool suppliers in the German industrial sector. China is the largest machine tool market in the world and the largest importer of machine tools. In 2010, 21% of the machine tools imported from Germany came from Germany. This means Germany is the second largest supplier of machine tools in China's industrial sector after Japan.

China has been the world's largest machine tool consumer and importer for many years. According to Luo Baihui, executive director general of the International Mould and Metals and Plastics Industry Suppliers Association, nearly 5 of the world's 10 machine tools are used in China. With the rapid development of China's manufacturing industry, the demand for production equipment has soared. In 2002, China became the world's largest consumer of machine tools and maintained it to this day. China's machine tool imports are relatively large. From 2002 to 2005, imported machine tools accounted for an average of 62% of China's machine tool consumption. From 2006 to 2010, China's domestic machine tool companies and some foreign machine tool companies gradually expanded their market share in China. In 2009, China became the world's largest producer of machine tools. In 2010, China's machine tool manufacturing industry maintained a rapid growth, accounting for 35% of the world's total output value; China's machine tool consumption increased by 43% that year, accounting for 48% of the total consumption of 28 major machine tool producing countries and regions. In 2010, China’s machine tool exports increased by 31%, and its export value reached 1.85 billion U.S. dollars, ranking sixth in the world. However, China's machine tool exports accounted for only 9% of its total output value, indicating that China's domestic market demand is quite strong.

According to the statistics of China Machine Tool Industry Association, in 2010, China, Japan, and Germany were among the top three in global machine tool production. After experiencing a severe recession in 2009, the Japanese machine tool industry rebounded and returned to the position of the second largest producer of machine tools. German machine tool manufacturing output continued to decline in 2010, but still ranked third. The output value of the U.S. machine tool manufacturing industry has also continued to decline, and it has dropped to the eighth place in the world after Italy, South Korea, Switzerland and other countries. Ten years ago, the United States was once the world’s largest consumer of machine tools, and its consumption was much higher than that of Germany, which was the second largest in the world. However, the US machine tool consumption has been declining year after year. In 2010, it consumed 2.75 billion US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 15%. In terms of machine tool exports, Japan, Germany, and Italy ranked among the top three in 2010, and their machine tool exports accounted for about 66% of production. In 2010, the top five rankings of global machine tool consumption were China, Germany, Japan, South Korea and Italy. Among them, South Korea and Japan achieved double-digit growth year-on-year. The per capita consumption of machine tool products varies greatly, and Switzerland is still the country with the largest per capita consumption of metal processing machines in the world.

In 2010, the global machine tool market gradually recovered. According to the statistics of the China Machine Tool Industry Association, at the beginning of the year, China's machine tool export was lifted from the negative growth in 2009, with a year-on-year increase of 12.6%. In the first half of the year, the export growth of China's machine tool products rose linearly and remained stable at a high level in the second half of the year. The year-on-year export volume increased by 82% year-on-year, including exports of metal processing machine tools of 1.85 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 31.3% year-on-year. The rapid recovery of China's machine tool exports in 2010 showed that the international market gradually showed signs of recovery, while the rapid economic recovery of emerging economies and Asian regions is an important factor in the rapid growth of machine tool product exports.

In the advanced economies with the top 10 export markets in 2010, except for the rapid growth of Japan’s exports, the growth rate of exports to the United States and Germany was relatively low. In the second half of 2010, as the economic situation in the United States improved, China’s exports to U.S. machine tools rebounded. So far, the United States is still China's largest machine tool exporter.

On the other hand, with the full recovery of China's economy, multi-level demands for various types of enterprises have gradually recovered, and the demand for various types of products in the domestic machine tool market has grown substantially. In 2010, the import structure of machine tool products changed significantly compared with the previous year. The mid-range machine tools, especially those with price advantages, have seen a rapid increase in imports, while imports of high-end and large-scale CNC machine tools have decreased.

According to Luo Baihui, executive secretary general of the International Die & Metals & Plastics Industry Suppliers Association, although the world economy is gradually on the track of recovery, the economic growth rate is still slow, and the foundation is unstable. The degree of economic recovery in various countries is still unbalanced. In 2010, despite the rapid growth in China's export of machine tool products, the growth rate of the export value of metal processing machine tools, the mainstream product, is still lower than the overall level of the industry. Therefore, for China's machine tool industry companies, further transformation of development methods, adjustment of product structure, and increase of product added value are still important aspects that need to be improved.

Luo Baihui said that the machine tool is the master machine of the equipment manufacturing industry, the carrier of advanced manufacturing technology and the basic production method of the equipment industry, and the basic equipment of the equipment manufacturing industry. The Decision of the State Council on Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries listed five types of high-end equipment such as "aviation, satellite, rail transportation equipment, marine equipment and intelligent manufacturing equipment", according to the explanation of the Department of Equipment Industry of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. , Smart manufacturing equipment, including precision and intelligent instrumentation, intelligent control systems, high-end CNC machine tools, smart special equipment, automated complete sets of production lines and other six major categories of products. To revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry, we must first revitalize the machine tool industry. "Equipment revitalization, machine tools first." Without a powerful machine tool industry, the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry has become a water without a source or a source. Among them, the numerical control machine tool as a mechatronics equipment combines many advantages such as high efficiency, flexibility, precision, compounding, and integration. It has become the mainstream product of the main processing equipment and machine tool market of the current equipment manufacturing industry, and how much and how much The level of the level has become an important manifestation of the strength of a country’s competitiveness. Therefore, the high-end equipment manufacturing industry is listed as a strategic emerging industry, and the future of the CNC machine tool industry is facing an excellent development prospect.

In addition, as one of the important sub-sectors in the machinery industry, the machine tool industry is mainly used in the front end of the manufacturing industry and will obviously benefit from economic growth and industrial upgrading. In general, when the downstream industry is just beginning to recover, the demand for machine tools is relatively small; when the downstream economy rapidly increases and the production capacity expands rapidly, the demand for machine tools begins to be released on a large scale, so the machine tool is relatively lower than the downstream industry. After the cyclical industry. However, considering from the opposite perspective, when the downstream industry's economy declines, the downstream industry quickly shrinks capital expenditures, and the demand for machine tools declines earlier than the downstream industries. Historical data also show that the growth of the machine tool industry is clearly driven by industrial production and lags behind industrial production.

Although the output value of the machine tool industry is less than 1% of GDP, it is an important pillar industry that cannot be easily abandoned in the economic development strategy. In fact, as the industrialization process progresses to in-depth development, the industrial upgrading trend of the equipment manufacturing industry has become overwhelming, and industries such as textiles, processing of raw materials, and exploitation of raw materials will gradually decline, such as aerospace, shipbuilding, automobiles, and power equipment. The heavy chemical industry will gradually rise, and the rise of these industries will generate heavy demand for heavy-duty, high-end CNC machine tools, and then pull the machine tool industry to carry out deeper industrial upgrading.

According to historical data, the sales of China's machine tool industry accounted for a proportion of industrial added value which basically fluctuates around 0.8%, compared to 1.2% in Germany and 1.5% in Japan. This proportion is low, as China's industrialization progresses. This proportion will be improved. Even if the conservative calculation is still based on 0.8%, the market space for China's machine tool industry will reach US$67 billion in 2020. On the other hand, from an international comparison point of view, the scale of China's machine tool industry is still relatively small relative to the downstream industry. As the parent machine of the equipment manufacturing industry, the scale of the machine tools industry in Japan, Germany and other developed countries is not less than the CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY and heavy machinery. And other downstream industries. In 2008, the sales revenue of the machine tool industry in China was only 37% of the construction machinery industry and 20% of the heavy machinery industry. This scale is difficult to meet the needs of the large-scale development of the equipment manufacturing industry, so the machine tool industry has great room for growth in the future .

From the point of view of specific products, the growth rate of CNC machine tools is faster than that of ordinary gold cutting machines. CNC machine tools are the mainstream products of the machine tool industry. In the past five years, the average annual compound growth rate of China's CNC machine tools production has been 30.29%. The average annual compound growth in the past 10 years was 31.89%, and the compound growth in the past 15 years was 27.67%. In 2010, the output of domestic CNC machine tools reached 223,897 units, a year-on-year increase of 66.71%.

The growth rate of CNC machine tools is faster than that of gold-cutting machines. The rate of NC production of machine tools has been increasing year by year. In 1990, the numerical control rate of machine tool output was only 2.24%, and it rose to 7.96% in 2000. In 2005, the numerical control rate of machine tool production reached a high level of 13.23%. At the end of 2010, the numerical control rate of production further increased to 29.66%. Regarding the proportion of CNC machine tools' output value in the total output value of machines (CNC rate), it was 26.2% in 2001, 33% in 2003, 35.5% in 2005, and 44% in 2007. However, compared with the United States, Japan, Germany and other developed countries, China's CNC machine tool production rate and the output value of the numerical control rate are relatively small, the future there is still a vast market for improvement. At present, the production rate of developed countries is about 60-70%, and the numerical value of output value is 85%-90%. At present, China's production rate of about 30% of NC and the rate of about 50% of the NC ratio of output value are quite different from those of developed countries.

From the point of view of the growth rate of gold-cutting machine tools and numerically-controlled machine tools in the last 10 years, the number of CNC machine tools is faster than that of gold-cutting machine tools; whether in the past 5 years, 10 years or 15 years, the annual average compound growth rate of CNC machine tools is also obviously higher. In Jinchee overall machine. Moreover, from the perspective of growth rate data, whether it is the overall machine tool, or purely CNC machine tools, the growth rate in recent years is faster than before. The machine tool industry is entering a period of rapid recovery. Driven by the development of high-end equipment manufacturing, the prosperity of the machine tool industry in 2011 is expected to continue.

Automotive, aerospace, mold machinery, etc. are the traditional downstream customers of machine tools. The machine tools provide processing equipment to downstream industries such as the traditional machinery industry, defense industry, automotive industry, aerospace industry, electronic information technology industry, and other processing industries. In the consumption composition of machine tool products, the automobile industry accounts for about 35%-40%, the traditional machinery industry accounts for 25%-30%, the IT manufacturing industry accounts for 10%-15%, the aerospace and defense industry and other industries account for 20%- 25%. The automotive industry and traditional machinery industries are large demand for machine tools.

The machine tool industry is closely related to the investment in fixed assets of enterprises, and the sales growth of the machine tool industry follows the fluctuation of the capital expenditure plans of downstream manufacturers. In recent years, the investment in fixed assets of the major downstream industries of machine tools has grown rapidly. From 2003 to 2010, the annual average compound annual growth rates of fixed assets investment in transportation equipment manufacturing, general equipment manufacturing, special equipment manufacturing, and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing were respectively It is 37.18%, 47.26%, 42.97% and 48.38%.

The forerunner of high-end equipment manufacturing According to the reporter Wang Jinling of the “International Mould Machinery Industry” report, on the basis of greatly improved safety, the production of one wheel was shortened from at least 10 minutes to 4 minutes, and the operation of workers was changed from at least 6 people to unattended operation. . On April 11th, at the 12th China International Machine Tool Show opened in Beijing, the "Rail Flexible Automatic Processing Unit" launched by Shenyang Machine Tool Group, a leading player in the Chinese machine tool industry, made its debut.

The China International Machine Tool Fair was held in Beijing from April 11th to 16th. The exhibition area reached 120,000 square meters. More than 1,400 companies from 28 countries and regions participated in the exhibition. Among them, more than 750 domestic enterprises exhibited 1500. With more than one host and large scales, the area, exhibits and exhibitors are all at record highs. Shenyang Machine Tool Group exhibited with a strong lineup of 1,600 square meters of exhibition booths. Its 25 high-speed, compound, and precise machine tools products reflect the current trend of intelligentized numerical control machine tools and represent the development level of China's CNC machine tools.

According to Guan Xiyou, chairman of Shenyang Machine Tool Group, these 25 CNC machine tools are the outstanding achievements of Shenyang Machine Tool Group in adjusting the product structure and creating independent innovation systems. It is also the ability and capability of Shenyang Machine Tool Group to undertake the national “Eleventh Five-Year” major special projects. Focus on display.

In accordance with the overall development strategy of "international and world-class", at present, Shenyang Machine Tool Group has basically established an enterprise-centered, industry-research-research-combination, and open social innovation system. It has involved and initially mastered the core of numerical control systems such as CNC systems. Technology, master high-speed machining centers, five-axis linkage machining centers, major CNC machine tools and other high-end CNC machine tools, design and manufacturing of core technologies, high-end CNC machine tools reached the international advanced level.

Customization and intelligentization are the highlights of this year's exhibiting products of Shenyang Machine Tool Group. At the exhibition, the “wheel hub flexible automatic processing unit” developed and developed in nearly one year, with complete independent intellectual property rights and publicly unveiled for the first time, undoubtedly became the most dazzling “big star”.

Leveraging a series of innovations in technology and management, Shenyang Machine Tool Group's economic scale has achieved rapid growth for eight consecutive years. According to the Gardner data of the United States, the economic scale of the Shenyang Machine Tool Group in the world machine tool industry jumped from the 36th in 2002 to the 2nd in 2010, and both sales revenue and industrial output increased by 10 times compared to 2002. The output of CNC machine tools increased by 15 times, and the total profits and taxes increased by 9 times.

In addition, it is understood that the current leading products of Dalian Machine Tool Group are products that have been mainly developed and introduced, digested, absorbed and reinnovated in recent years. These products represent the highest level of domestic machine tools, have reached or reached the level of similar foreign products, and become the largest number of equipment manufacturers with the largest number of equipment, the largest scale and the highest level for the national automobile, military, aircraft, nuclear industry and other key enterprises. The auto engine block processing automatic line provided by U.S. General Motors Corporation makes the domestically-manufactured flexible manufacturing system enter the world's first-class automobile manufacturing enterprise for the first time.

The reporter saw that different from previous years' exhibitions, all the products exhibited by the big machine at the exhibition were equipped with self-produced functional components, which proved that after several years of hard work, the big machine “self-armed” was near. complete. At present, more than 60 varieties, such as large CNC systems, servo motors, servo drives, spindles, turrets, tool magazines, ball screws, linear guides, etc., are not only gradually recognized by domestic users and markets, but also have been exported to foreign countries and become the largest in the country. The most complete variety of CNC functional components R&D and manufacturing base.

From “Dalian Machine Tool Equipment China” to “Dalian Machine Tool Service World”, this kind of leap-forward development has made large machines not only stand in the forefront of the world’s first machine tool matrix, but also as a leader in China's machine tool industry. China's machine tool industry stands at the forefront of the world's machine tool development.

The machine tool industry has changed its development mode After several decades of development, the Chinese machine tool industry has now solved problems from scratch and from small to large. Data show that in 2010, the domestic machine tool industry completed a total industrial output value of 553.68 billion yuan. If we say that due to the financial crisis in Japan, Germany, and other manufacturing-developed countries, the production scale of machine tools has dropped significantly. This made China first ascend to the throne of the world's largest production machine tool in 2009. Then the data in 2010 will prove again. The strong development power of the Chinese machine tool industry.

With the "National Medium and Long-Term Plan for Scientific and Technological Development", CNC machine tools have been listed as one of the 16 major projects, further establishing the importance of the machine tool industry in the national economy. The machine tool industry has focused on the key development areas of the country and strengthened product innovation and development of special planes. It has achieved effective breakthroughs in precision manufacturing and limit manufacturing, and upgraded the technical grades of key products such as large and heavy-duty CNC machine tools and 5-axis linkage machine tools. And level.

Luo Baihui, executive director of the International Mould, Hardware and Plastics Industry Suppliers Association pointed out that the current world machine tool technology level is mainly driven by the production of CNC machine sheet machines. The development in the next 20 years will continue to be the case. On the basis of further improving accuracy, efficiency, automation, intelligence, and networking, the company has gradually transitioned to processing units and cutting-edge flexible manufacturing systems. While the Chinese machine tool industry has experienced the development process of learning, imitating, and independent innovation, there is still a considerable gap between accuracy, efficiency, automation, intelligence, environmental protection, and foreign advanced level.

The lack of high-speed, high-precision, compound, and intelligent high-level numerically-controlled machine tools has caused the lack of commonality and key technologies to make the status of the “low-end melee and high-end fall” of the domestic machine tool industry not yet fundamentally reversed. At present, the imported products account for 85% of the domestic high-end machine tool market share, while the domestically-used CNC machine tools account for nearly 70% of the simple economical CNC machine tools with low added value. In 2008, the import value of China's metal processing machine tools was US$7.59 billion; despite the financial crisis, the amount of imports declined, but in 2009 the import value still reached US$5.9 billion.

There are few companies in the industry that can provide complete sets of services for users, and they lack the ability to provide complete solutions or to undertake more complex project general contracting projects. Due to the high R&D cost of FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System) and CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System) products with advanced technology, the difficulty in R&D, and the willingness of companies to invest, the production capacity of the industry's technological transformation projects is too large. The trend of large-scale and heavy-duty products is obvious. This makes the development of CNC systems and key functional components seriously lags behind and has become a “bottleneck” factor that restricts the sustainable development of the industry. At present, the domestic market share of the domestic mid-range CNC system is about 30%, while more than 95% of the high-end CNC systems need to be imported. The overall market share of functional components in the domestic market is 30%, and the market share of high-end functional components is even lower. Brand functional components in Taiwan account for about 50% of the domestic market, and the remaining 20% ​​are branded products such as the European Union and Japan. The result of using OEM as the main mode of production can only enable enterprises to maintain the cycle of simple reproduction and inability to develop autonomous technologies.

The machine tool industry is a technology-intensive, capital-intensive, and talent-intensive industry, with features such as multiple product categories, multiple types, small batch sizes, high personal requirements, high production experience requirements, and long investment cycles. It is also important to build a corporate structure that is compatible with it. At this stage, the domestic machine tool industry is still dominated by state-owned enterprises, accounting for as high as 90%. The backward traditional state-owned enterprise system has become a major institutional obstacle to the development of the industry. Compared with other types of enterprises, traditional state-owned enterprises have obvious gaps in terms of economic efficiency, technological innovation, and satisfaction of market needs. The phenomenon of indulging in scale is widespread. However, if we have more resources, we can't take the lead in transitioning and we can't make more progress in technology leadership. This will cause the same technology in the industry, low-level competition, and low overall economic efficiency. According to statistics from the China Machine Tool Industry Association on 232 key contact companies, the average labor productivity in 2009 was 143,000 yuan and the profit rate was 6.2%. And this level of profitability makes technical innovation a few empty talks. This cycle cannot be fundamentally changed. The machine tool industry will only improve its international competitiveness and will only be a good wish.

At present, domestic high-end CNC machine tools have begun to enter the country's key development areas and the field of national defense and military construction. In the development of the national economy, high-end CNC machine tools that are urgently needed are excessively dependent on imports, and are gradually improving. Luo Baihui said that with the rapid development of science and technology in the world, processing technology has entered the era of sub-micron and nano-scale ultra-finishing, and networked manufacturing technology is in the ascendant. Green manufacturing is highly valued, and digital manufacturing using CNC machine tools as a technology platform has been promoted to a new level of smart manufacturing. At the stage, technology integration and technology compounding have become one of the most active trends in the development of CNC machine tools.

Although China's machine tool industry has enjoyed a strong momentum of development over the years, it has always followed the old road in terms of technology and strategy, and has not fundamentally sought to change its development thinking. The world machine tool industry has a highly international character, which is reflected in the internationalization of the market, the internationalization of technology, and the internationalization of investment. Based on this, choosing the mode and path suitable for the development trend of the contemporary machine tool industry is a must for the future domestic machine tool industry to be stronger, and this choice should not only stay in the form. At the same time, cross-border mergers and acquisitions are also an important way to implement industry industrial restructuring. In short, with a more open international perspective, flexible operation modes, and utilizing all domestic and foreign industrial resources that can be utilized, a win-win situation for cooperation can be achieved. The way to achieve the goal of innovation and upgrade of the machine tool industry should be actively promoted and implemented.

In view of the inherent properties of the machine tool industry, actively support the development of privately-owned machine tool companies, and encourage private capital to invest in the machine tool industry, it should also be regarded as an effective way to improve the internal structure of the domestic machine tool industry and change the traditional development model. In this respect, many machine tool industry developed regions have enough examples. At the same time, we should actively explore deepening the reform of the operating system of state-owned enterprises in the machine tool industry, and establish a state-owned asset management model that suits the needs of the market economy and the characteristics of the machine tool industry in order to create a good micro-foundation for the machine tool industry.

At present, the state attaches great importance to the development of the machine tool industry. The National Science and Technology Major Project of “High-end CNC Machine Tools and Basic Manufacturing Equipment” was put into operation in 2009. This has undoubtedly played a very positive role in promoting the technological innovation of enterprises in the industry. However, in the specific implementation process, there is also the need for further improvement so that relatively limited resources can play a greater role. The first is to select the project participants to participate in the process, not only concerned about the company's production value, production capacity, volume, not based on the nature of the company to choose the basis, but should be comprehensive consideration of the company's product market position, influence and advancement, The uniqueness and originality of technology, the future market development space and other factors, in order to maximize the role of the input resources. Big is not necessarily strong, and even vice versa. This point is very obvious in the current domestic machine tool industry. The second reason is that in view of the complexity of machine tools, the desire to “completely achieve results in one battle” is unrealistic. Then, selective focus on resources to provide effective breakthroughs in some of the industry's key technical problems, may be able to play "do more with less" effect, and in order to promote the cracking of other technical problems. The third is the formation and establishment of a long-term mechanism, the implementation of dynamic management, evaluation of the implementation effect, with special funds to activate the enterprise's enthusiasm for technology research and development, with limited funds to stimulate more industrial resources to invest in technological innovation activities Instead of making it "Don Juan meat." The fourth is to establish a safeguard mechanism. The technological achievements made with public resources should be shared across the industry, rather than being monopolized by special status.

It should be believed that by further deepening reforms, the Chinese machine tool industry will actively adjust industrial and product structures, transform economic growth patterns, enhance independent innovation capabilities, accelerate research and development and market development of medium-to-high-end CNC machine tools and functional components, and further improve product quality and service awareness. In order to improve the overall competitiveness of the industry, the industry will be able to achieve sustainable development in a good and fast manner, and accomplish the goal of becoming stronger and stronger.

Making innovations in the machine tool industry with technological innovation The 12th China International Machine Tool Fair organized by the China Machine Tool Industry Association was held in Beijing from April 11th to 16th. This exhibition covered an area of ​​120,000 square meters. More than 1,400 companies from 28 countries and regions participated in the exhibition. More than 1,200 mainframes and large-scale measuring instruments were exhibited. The exhibition area, exhibits and exhibitors all set history. new highs. In this exhibition, more than 740 Chinese companies participated in the exhibition and more than 980 CNC machine tools were exhibited. The gap between the exhibited products and the international advanced level in terms of variety, level of manufacturing, and product quality has further narrowed. A group of exhibits have reached the international advanced level. Level. Among them, China's first exhibition of new products with independent intellectual property rights accounted for about 30%, reaching more than 300 units, including 56 sets of Chinese-made CNC system applications. Nearly 40% of China's exhibits are high-end products, including 80 sets of compound processing machines, 18 sets of flexible automatic production lines, more than 80 sets of 5-axis machine tools, 2 sets of machine tools that achieve nano-precision, and more than 100 sets of major science and technology projects. For the first time, this exhibition exhibited a high-end hardware and software platform for high-end numerical control devices using domestically produced "Godson" CPU chips. This platform has enhanced the autonomy of China's high-end numerical control devices and laid the foundation for realizing the industrialization of machine tool products with independent intellectual property rights.

“After the international financial crisis, the global machine tool manufacturing industry will reshuffle. The world's machine tool industry will usher in a more intense market competition supported by high technology.” Wu Bolin, executive vice president of the China Machine Tool & Tooling Industry Association, April 10 On the occasion of the opening of the 12th China International Machine Tool Show, “High-tech innovation welcomes the post-crisis era” high-level international forum pointed out that while the global economy is slowly recovering and the industry is responding to new opportunities and challenges with a positive attitude and a new look. The international machine tool exhibition held this time defined the theme as “welcome the post-crisis era with scientific and technological innovations”, and strived to highlight the profound thinking and important changes of the industry in the international financial crisis through product display and various activities, emphasizing technological innovation The important status and role of the industry in progress and economic development, thus promoting the process and effect of "turning mode, adjusting structure" of the machine tool industry.

How to carry out technological innovation in the new situation? Wu Bolin analyzed that since 2010, the world economy has been slowly recovering, and the global machine tool industry has gradually come to the bottom. For the tenth consecutive year, China's machine tool industry has achieved substantial growth, and has achieved the first in the world in machine tool production and sales for two consecutive years. In 2011, the global economy will further get rid of the impact of the international financial crisis and usher in yet another economic upswing cycle. The top priority for China's machine tool industry is to make great efforts to adjust the industrial structure and product structure, change the mode of economic development, use technological innovation to create competitive advantages, and break through the predicament of large and weak machine tools.

According to Wu Bing, this exhibition will bring together more than 1400 well-known machine tool manufacturers from 28 countries and regions, with an exhibition area of ​​120,000 square meters, which is the largest ever and is the most similar exhibition in China. There were more than 740 exhibitors in China and 650 overseas exhibitors. The exhibition area accounted for about 50% each. They will exhibit more than 1200 domestic machine tools and large-scale machine tools of the same type at the exhibition, and tens of thousands of machine tool accessories.

The exhibition has several highlights: Flexibility, compounding, five-axis linkage, high precision, and high speed are still the mainstream of the development of CNC machine tools, a variety of advanced manufacturing technologies are widely used; China has a new product with independent intellectual property rights, especially intelligent The number of machine tool products has increased significantly. Many exhibits feature expert systems, a variety of intelligent automatic compensation, voice navigation, intelligent security control and alarm functions; many exhibits will use a variety of energy-saving emission reduction technologies, interpreting and advocating the meaning of low-carbon and green manufacturing methods. A green industry revolution is emerging in the machine tool industry; current machine tool products are developing in depth toward safety and pleasing, and more and more products employ ergonomic engineering technologies to make programming and operations easier to grasp. Wu Bolin stressed: "Intelligent manufacturing will advance new industries, and the development and application of intelligent machine tools will certainly promote the rapid, healthy and sustainable development of China's emerging industries and lead the profound changes in the manufacturing industry in the future."

Speaking of technological innovation, Luo Baihui, secretary-general of the International Mould & Hardware and Plastics Industry Suppliers Association, believes that with the adjustment and upgrading of consumer demand structure and the continuous development of emerging industries, the technological innovation and industrial transformation of the machine tool industry have become the most pressing of the industry. task. For example, the current automobile industry has become the main market for consumer machine tool products, while the automotive industry has continuously increased the requirements for manufacturing equipment in terms of precision, gentrification, and complete sets, which prompts the machine tool manufacturing industry to continuously improve product technology levels. Technological innovation to meet user needs. In addition, the upgrading of the industrial structure marked by the development of new industries has also prompted the machine tool industry to undergo a profound transformation. At present, the rise of emerging industries has provided new service areas for the machine tool industry. For example, aerospace, clean energy, high-speed railways, large-scale shipbuilding projects, informatization industries, and bio-pharmaceutical industries all provide a new and broader market for the machine tool industry. These new opportunities also put new demands and challenges on the machine tool industry, especially in terms of precision, efficiency, and reliability, which still need to be greatly improved.

At present, the requirements of the emerging industries for the deep transformation of the machine tool industry are manifested in the development of the leading industries and pillar industries, and they must play a good role in the basic attributes and functions of the “industrial machine”; on the other hand, they must strengthen learning, Absorb new technological achievements, accelerate self-development, and make the “tool attributes” of basic industries more advanced and intelligent, and adapt to the new demands of emerging industries. With the continuous development of emerging industries such as aerospace and large shipbuilding, it is particularly necessary to speed up the development of independent machine tools that can adapt to and meet the needs of related industries. According to Wang Jinling, deputy secretary-general of the International Die & Metals and Plastics Industry Suppliers Association, in order to accelerate the pace of technological innovation and promote the better and faster development of the machine tool industry, it is necessary to provide flexibility, compound, high-precision, and high-speed performance for the current machine tool industry. The demand for high reliability, the direction of industry innovation, and the development of sustainable planning and layout. With the continuous advancement of machine tool products, the time for product technology upgrading is continuously shortening. Only by paying close attention to the industry product development trends and in-depth study of customer needs can we accurately determine and grasp the latest trends in technological development, so as to make reasonable decisions at the corporate strategic level. Technological innovation strategy. After formulating scientific and technological innovation development plans and strategies, we must also accurately grasp the starting point for breakthrough innovation. The current strategic emerging industries are developing rapidly. The machine tool industry should make full use of this favorable opportunity to grasp the needs of emerging industries and strive to achieve innovation breakthroughs in the industry.

Prof. Ning Tonghai of Hebei Institute of Mechatronic Technology believes that in order to cope with the challenge of technological innovation, it is necessary to form a “science and technology talent highland”. In the process of technological innovation, the role of high-end talent is particularly significant. Innovative talents have become the first resource for industrial innovation.除了对科技和工程研发加大投入力度外，企业、高校、社会应当形成系统的产学研联动体制，同时建立国际化研发平台，依靠重大项目引进先进高端人才，从而充分利用自身优势，在高素质科研人才培养引进方面取得突破。

汽车模具制造业助力中国机床发展4月9日，2011年中国国际刀具技术研讨会在北京举行，机床界权威专家、中国机床工具工业协会名誉理事长梁训宣表示，中国机床工具年消费量超过了美国、日本、德国三大机床业强国消费量总和，中国依然成为全球最大机床工具消费国。

机床工业是工业生产的基础行业，是实现装备制造的最基本手段，随着中国装备制造业快速发展，机床工具消费量还将继续保持快速增长，并日益成为吸引全球机床工业企业的兴旺市场。

全球知名刀具生产商瓦尔特负责人当日表示，瓦尔特将把亚太总部从新加坡迁到上海，并以中国为中心辐射全亚洲。

此外，据国家统计局对13个机床用户行业的投资情况统计显示，投资额最大的是汽车行业和电工电气行业，其同比增幅都在30％左右。汽车和电工电气已然成为机床工具发展的领头羊。

近年来，国内机床产业有力地支撑了模具行业的高速发展，但不容否认，在满足其高端需求方面，还存在一些不足。那么，作为主要用户之一，模具领域对我国的机床产业究竟有着什么样的期许？对机床产业下一步的发展，又有什么样的建议和要求呢？国际模具及五金塑胶产业供应商协会秘书长罗百辉表示，现代精密模具要求极高的加工精度和质量，必然需要高效率、高精度的数控加工机床来保证。目前国产的也有，东汽自己也在做，但可靠性、加工效率和精度均不如瑞士、德国的，国外设备故障率比较低，同时，大型的龙门镗、铣床还是进口的多。但总体来说，在满足模具加工需求方面，国内的数控机床产业这些年有不少进步，国产化也在逐步推进。

汽车模具用数控机床批量小但精度要求很高，目前一些设备国内的达到了要求，但用户也愿意选择进口，这就需要国内的机床企业不断地改进工艺，提高产品质量。为尽快扭转机床行业“大而不强”的局面，国家将发展高档数控机床列入了《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要（2006～2020）》确定的16个重大专项之一，其目的在于重点开发研制航空航天、船舶、汽车制造、模具等需要的高档数控机床，满足国内主要行业需求的使命。

据介绍，“十一五”期间，“高档数控机床与基础制造装备重大专项”共立项课题268个，安排经费90多亿元，参与研发人员超过1万名。在罗百辉看来，目前国产的数控机床已基本能满足国内需要。五坐标联动铣床等已经研发出来了，但用户大部分还是进口瑞士的产品，这期间有一个逐步建立信心的问题，下一步机床行业应该着力更好地满足模具领域的需求。

第一，着力提高数控设备水平，从而提高模具制造业的竞争力和水平。

我国的制造业要实现从大国到强国、低端到高端、中国制造到中国创造的转变，必须要靠技术创新。当前经济的飞速发展使得制造技术正在发生较大变化，但是，我国目前还只是非创新产品的制造大国，是靠劳动力、价格、资源等方面的优势，才在低端产品上占有一席之地。

数控机床是现代制造业的关键设备，是关系到国家战略地位和体现国家综合国力的重要基础性产业。为了满足模具制造业的需求，国家每年花费大量美元引进数控机床，使我国的数控设备快速增长。但与德国、日本等相比，我国制造业的数字化技术应用水平还太低。面对这种挑战，着力提高数控设备水平、掌握高速高效高精加工技术具有重大意义。

第二，机床行业要研究解决我国数控机床生产的瓶颈问题，着力提高数控机床功能部件的设计和制造水平，加快数控系统的研究和开发。

我国机床产业最薄弱的环节之一便是数控系统，而它相当于数控机床的“大脑”。一提起数控系统，大家想到的就是西门子、发那科等，他们的数控系统软件功能强大而且性能稳定，国内高档次的数控系统几乎全都是进口的。

据了解，“十一五”期间，我国在数控系统方面已开发出多轴多通道、总线式高档数控装置产品，武汉华中数控股份有限公司等已完成50台套开放式全数字高档数控装置生产。国内的数控系统发展很快，但毕竟刚刚开始产业化，还处于起步阶段，还在追赶国外。

此外，差距还表现在机电一体化方面，在高速切削上，国外可以达到上万转甚至几万转，保证了加工的效率、速度、精度，但国内的转速只有几千转，不如国外技术成熟。

目前我国功能部件生产的现状是各机床厂家自行研制、专业厂家少、研发队伍不强、功能部件产品不成系列、品牌产品太少、研发时间过长。而要优质快速地生产数控机床，必须先要优质快速地生产数控机床的刀库、机械手、主轴单元、滚珠丝杠和直线导轨等功能部件。

要解决这些瓶颈问题，必须改变生产方式和产业结构，国家应当扶持功能部件的专业厂，集中研究功能部件的设计和工艺方法，加大数控系统的研发力度。

机床行业“促进口”政策贸易逆差待解种种迹象表明，2011年国家将会出台“促进口”的一揽子政策，这是在国家“减顺差”的背景下提出的。对于整个机械行业来说，这些政策究竟会引发怎样的反应？是否和两年前颁布进口鼓励政策时引发的激烈反响程度相似？对于那些贸易逆差的机械子行业来说，他们又该怎样在鼓励进口的情况下防止巨额逆差的进一步扩大？数据显示，2010年我国进出口贸易顺差虽然比上年有所减低，但总额仍然巨大，达到1831亿美元。其中机械工业2010年进出口贸易顺差总额为31.36亿美元，但一些主要的顺差对应国，顺差额却不小，2010年机械行业对美国的顺差达到187亿美元。

和2009年以贴息贷款为核心手段的政策相比，今年的政策调整力度显然是加大了一步。下调进口关税、增加贴息投入、促进进口便利化，被确定为今年一揽子“促进口”政策的三个方向。

虽然今年进口鼓励的政策比两年前更进了一步，但行业普遍对国家“减顺差”的目的表示认同。中国机床工具工业协会常务副理事长吴柏林对国家的这项政策表示了充分的理解：一些高档机床产品，国内做不了的，还得从国外进口。从这个层面来看，进口鼓励政策具有积极意义。但一些国家对高端设备和技术的出口控制很严，即使中国降低进口关税，该不卖给你的，还是不卖给你。从这个意义上来说，关税的增加或者降低，其实对于买或者卖，并不具有决定性的作用。

国家鼓励高端设备和技术的进口，势必对国内相关企业的自主创新能力有所影响，对行业高端设备的国产化形成冲击。这一点，在2009年国家颁布《鼓励进口技术和产品目录》时，行业就持此看法，并且反响强烈。今年行业的反应虽然平和许多，但仍然有部分行业专家表示担忧。中国机械工业联合会专家委员会委员郑国伟表示，2010年机械行业进口高速增长，如果国家继续鼓励进口，势必会使这种增长态势进一步延续。据统计，2010年我国机械行业进口总额为2553.47亿美元，同比增长41.14％，超过2008年（进口1948.3亿美元）水平，创历史最高水平。同时，从机械工业各个子行业来看，其进口也呈全面增长势头：增速最大的是汽车行业，达74.95％；其次是机床工具行业，为66.73％；其三是工程机械行业，为65.93％。

国际模具及五金塑胶产业供应商协会秘书长罗百辉对中国化工报记者也表达了同样的看法：“进口鼓励政策对于机械行业来说，会有一定的刺激，而且这种鼓励政策越多，对机械行业的冲击越大。但客观来看，现在中国的外汇储备确实较多，需要为这些美元找到一个消化的渠道，而且购进这些设备和技术后，可以通过自我消化，使我国企业的自主创新受到启发。”罗百辉表示，目前政策不会对国内高档数控机床形成太大的冲击，相反，一些进行技改的机床企业将受益于这项政策，他们在进口一些高端零部件时得到了优惠政策的支持。如果进一步扩大进口，会使那些逆差巨大的子行业，继续增加逆差。目前在国内机械子行业中，汽车、模具、仪器仪表、机床工具、内燃机、轴承、液压件、密封件等行业属于进出口贸易逆差。其中前3个子行业的2010年的进出口逆差都在100亿美元以上。虽然机床行业近几年总产值实现了高速增长，但其逆差却呈有增无减的态势。即使在某些年份逆差有所减小，但减小的幅度还很低。在“促进口”的大背景下，如何缓解逆差的进一步扩大，值得行业关注。

另外，2011年海峡两岸正式开始实施ECFA，对于机床行业来说，“等于敞开了中国台湾地区向中国大陆销售机床的大门。会对中国大陆中档、中小规格的数控机床，特别是中档的数控机床功能部件带来不小的冲击。”统计数据表明，目前中国台湾中档数控机床在中国大陆所占的市场份额在20％～30％，而同等档次的功能部件的占比则达到一半以上。如此份额的市场一旦放开，对中国大陆机床行业的影响可想而知。因此吴柏林断言：“ECFA对中国整体机床行业的影响，弊大于利。”另一方面，ECFA的实施，使得中国大陆机床厂在购买中国台湾的滚动功能部件以及回转台等产品时，会有一些资金优惠。但这省不了多少钱。据协会从中国台湾了解的最新消息，一些中国台湾的机床企业正在谋求日本、德国等国家对他们的建厂投资。一旦如此，这些合作的产品就很有可能以中国台湾产品的名义，享受到ECFA的关税优惠，长驱直入中国大陆市场，这将是ECFA对中国大陆市场后续以及更深层次的冲击。吴柏林还表示，正在进行的中日韩自贸区的谈判，其对行业的冲击有可能比ECFA还要大。

以点带面提升机床行业整体实力一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。“5年来，'高档数控机床与基础制造装备重大专项'重点任务陆续完成。我国机床行业快速发展，产值、产量跃居世界第一。国产机床数控化率由'十五'末35.5％提高到'十一五'末的51.9％。”中国工信部装备工业司副司长王富昌近日在接受记者采访时说。我国虽早已跻身制造大国行列，但大而不强的矛盾始终困扰着行业科学发展。

多点突破王富昌说，伴随中国机床市场需求的强劲增长，近年来我国机床工业的进步有目共睹，2005年我国数控机床产量是6万台，2010年增加到22万台，5年时间翻了两番，增加了三倍。

由于装备制造业被誉为“工业母机”，是制造业的基石。工业现代化所需的各类设施都离不开高档数控机床和基础制造装备。但过去我国的集成电路芯片制造装备、大型石化装备、汽车制造关键设备及先进集约化农业装备等长期依靠进口。

针对这一状况，2009年由工业和信息化部牵头组织实施“高档数控机床与基础制造装备”科技重大专项。围绕航空航天、船舶、汽车、发电设备等重点领域及国家重点工程的需要，系统部署了主机、数控系统、功能部件和关键部件研制，共性技术开发，创新平台建设、用户工艺试验和应用示范工程等七个方面重点任务。

据了解，“十一五”期间，“高档数控机床与基础制造装备重大专项”共立项课题268个，安排经费90多亿元，参与研发人员超过1万名。其中企业牵头承担的课题占82％，中央财政投入占88％。

3月7日，“高档数控机床与基础制造装备”科技重大专项展作为“十一五”国家重大科技成就展的一部分，集中展示了机床行业实施专项以来取得的阶段性成果。这表明随着一系列关键技术的突破和自主生产能力的形成，我国开始突出“外国制造”的“重围”，进入世界高速数控机床和高精度数控机床生产国的行列。

如北京第一机床厂研制的10米数控桥式龙门五轴联动车铣复合加工机床，可完成大型核电站核岛关键零部件加工。内蒙古北方重工业集团研制的世界最大的3.6万吨黑色金属垂直挤压机，解决了模具设计、传动与控制操作系统设计制造等关键技术，打破了我国大直径厚壁管长期依赖进口、受制于人的局面，使得日本同类产品大幅调低售价。齐齐哈尔二机床集团研制的超重型数控落地铣镗床，可满足发电、船舶、石化等领域超大型零部件制造需求。

还有济南二机床集团为上海通用烟台东岳汽车和奇瑞汽车研发的6400吨大型快速高效数控全自动冲压生产线，可满足国内汽车企业大型冲压覆盖件的生产需求。武汉重型机床集团为二重研制的世界最大、承重500吨的超重型数控卧式镗车床，突破了多项关键核心技术，达到国际先进水平。在数控系统方面，开发出多轴多通道、具有3种总线接口的总线式高档数控装置产品。目前，华中数控等单位完成了50台套开放式全数字高档数控装置。

以点带面王富昌说，重大专项不同于一般的科研课题，它有两大特性，一定是服务于产业和经济社会的发展；一定要以实现产业化为目的。因此专项项目一定要来源于市场和企业的需求。因此重大专项要达到的结果是培育一批骨干企业，掌握一批主机、数控系统及关键功能部件的核心技术，形成重大、精密、成套装备的自主开发能力，总体技术水平进入国际先进行列，提升行业的整体水平。

“高档数控机床与基础制造装备”重大专项的专职技术责任人卢秉恒院士也介绍，从技术层面看，“十一五”时期“高档数控机床与基础制造装备”重大专项取得的成果主要体现在以下几个方面：

一是重大装备研制取得突破，达到国际先进水平。围绕重点领域的急需，专项攻克了大跨度、超重型机床设计制造技术，超大型立式和卧式回转台设计制造技术，超宽、超长工件加工工艺等一批关键技术，开发出一批数控重型桥式龙门五轴联动车铣复合机床、大型快速高效数控全自动冲压生产线等具有国际先进水平的制造装备。

二是中高档数控机床性能有效提升，初步满足国内需求。专项针对市场需求面广、进口量大的高速精密加工中心以及数控车床、五轴联动加工机床等产品进行开发，开展了可靠性与数字化设计、性能整体评价、动态补偿等关键技术攻关，有效提升了中高档数控机床的整体技术水平和市场占有率。

三是数控系统、功能部件及刀具研发进展顺利，共性技术成果初显。数控系统的研制与开发在关键技术上取得了较明显的突破，我国成功研制出为具有国际技术水平的五轴联动加工机床配套的数控系统；滚珠丝杠及直线导轨、数控回转工作台、双摆角数控万能铣头等功能部件也实现了关键技术突破；同时开发了一批四大领域急需的精密、复杂及硬质合金刀具，并在重点企业得到应用，部分替代了进口。

王富昌强调，虽然我们取得了阶段性的成果，但距离国外同行还有很大的差距，距离重大专项设立的目标也还有很大的差距。

记者了解到，“十二五”规划已明确提到了要大力发展高端装备制造，并且要力争到2015年，高端装备的销售产值占装备制造业的比例要达到20％以上；到2020年，使高端装备制造业成为国民经济的支柱产业，销售产值占装备制造业的比例达30％以上，高端装备国内市场满足率超过25％。

这表明“十二五”期间要致力于传统产品向精品的升级，解决传统产品“做不好”、“不做好”的痼疾，提升中国机械产品在国际国内市场上的形象。从现状来看，我国机械工业产品及产业链，虽然高档、中档、低档产品对应着不同的市场和用户群，但是产品却都存在着同样的问题，即产品的质量和效率不高。比如，机床制造业，无论是满足高精度要求的高端机床，还是普通、量大、面广的中低档机床，首先要保证机床产品的质量和安全性。因此，传统的机械行业，其产业升级改造，关键在于提高产品质量和效率。

王富昌说，接下来“十二五”机械工业的两大目标是“攻高端，强基础”。这包括两方面，一是主攻高端战略。加快发展目前严重依赖于进口的高端机械产品，将以前“吃不了”的需求变成“十二五”的增长空间。二是要强化基础战略。要以“十一五”时期取得的成绩为基础，“十二五”时期专项将重点开发航空航天、汽车、船舶、发电设备等4大领域及其他科技重大专项急需的高速、精密、重型装备，加强数控系统及关键功能部件的研发，由注重单机发展向提供系统解决方案过渡，由解决产品性能指标向掌握核心技术转变。

记者认为，产业升级一般被认为是

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