·For the first 8 consecutive years, the first tail gas into the air is the important source of air pollution

The "China Motor Vehicle Environmental Management Annual Report (2017)" released by the Ministry of Environmental Protection recently showed that China has become the world's largest motor vehicle production and sales country for eight consecutive years. Motor vehicle exhaust pollution has become an important source of air pollution in China, causing fine particles, The important reason for photochemical smog pollution is the urgency of pollution prevention and control.
More than 100 million new vehicles will be added in the next five years, and automobiles are the main contributors to urban air pollutants.
In the past five years, the number of motor vehicles in China has grown rapidly. In 2016, the number of motor vehicles in the country reached 295 million, an increase of 8.1% over 2015, of which the number of new energy vehicles reached 1.014 million. According to the classification of automobile emission standards, the national standard 1% accounted for 1.0%, the national standard 5.4%, the national standard 6.4%, the national three standard accounted for 24.3%, the national four standard accounted for 52.4%, and the national five and above standards accounted for 10.5%. . According to estimates, more than 100 million new vehicles will be added in the next five years.
According to the annual report, in 2016, the national initial emissions of motor vehicle emissions were 44.725 million tons, a decrease of 1.3% from 2015. Among them, carbon monoxide was 34.393 million tons, hydrocarbons were 4.22 million tons, nitrogen oxides were 5.778 million tons, and particulate matter was 534,000 tons.
“Automobiles are the main contributors to the total emissions of urban air pollutants, which emit more than 80% of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, and more than 90% of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter,” said Liu Bingjiang, director of the Environmental Management Department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Among them, according to the classification of vehicles, the nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emitted by trucks are significantly higher than that of passenger cars, of which heavy-duty trucks are the main contributors; while the emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons from passenger cars are significantly higher than those of trucks. According to fuel classification, the nitrogen oxides emitted by diesel vehicles are close to 70% of total vehicle emissions, and particulate matter is over 90%. The emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons from gasoline vehicles are higher, and carbon monoxide exceeds 80% of total vehicle emissions. Hydrocarbons More than 70%. According to emission standards, China's second and previous car ownership accounted for 12.8%, but carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter emissions accounted for 60.7%, 60.6%, 43.6%, and 67.1%, respectively.
In some cities, the air is combined with soot and motor vehicle exhaust pollution.
The monitoring of the Ministry of Environmental Protection shows that with the rapid increase in the number of motor vehicles, the air in some cities in China has begun to show the characteristics of combined pollution of soot and motor vehicle exhaust. According to the analysis results of the first batch of urban fine particulate matter sources completed in China, the contribution of PM2.5 concentration in most cities is still dominated by coal-fired emissions, but some cities have become the primary source of vehicle emissions. According to statistics, in large cities such as Beijing and Shanghai and densely populated areas in the east, the contribution rate of mobile sources to PM2.5 concentrations is as high as 20%-40%. Under extreme adverse conditions, the contribution rate will even exceed 50%.
“In the winter heating period in the northern region, pollutant emissions increased significantly, and the contribution rate of motor vehicle emissions decreased. However, during heavy pollution, motor vehicle emissions played a significant role in the local pollution accumulation process.” Liu Bingjiang believes that “increase the machine The degree of motor vehicle emission control can help alleviate the severity of pollution."
Studies have shown that the contribution of secondary particulate matter to PM2.5 in the central and eastern regions of China is often as high as 60%. In this regard, the researcher of the Institute of Urban Environment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, He Wei, believes that “the concentration of primary particulate matter contained in the exhaust of motor vehicles is not high. However, pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds contained in the exhaust gas generate a large amount after the reaction. Secondary particles become an important source of PM2.5. In addition, the photochemical reaction of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds also produces oxidants such as ozone, causing the growth of secondary particles.
Experts suggest that in addition to speeding up the emission standards of new vehicles and strengthening the monitoring of vehicles in use, the exhaust gas purification equipment should be replaced regularly.
　 China has initially established a new system of motor vehicle environmental management, and its regulatory capacity has gradually strengthened.
Despite the accelerating development of new energy vehicles in China, traditional fossil fuels (gasoline and diesel) remain the main source of fuel for vehicles for quite some time to come. China began to implement the national V standard for motor gasoline and vehicle diesel nationwide on January 1 this year. With the increase of emission standards, the impact of oil on motor vehicle emissions has become increasingly prominent.
According to the annual report, the national gasoline consumption in 2016 was 112.835 million tons, and the diesel consumption was 146.697 million tons. Experts believe that the development direction of motor gasoline is no vulcanization, reducing the content of olefins and aromatics. The development direction of automotive diesel is no vulcanization, increase cetane number and reduce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content.
In addition, the contribution of non-road mobile source emissions to pollutants cannot be ignored.
Non-road mobile sources mainly include construction machinery, agricultural machinery, small general machinery, ships, aircraft, railways, etc. According to the annual report, in 2015, emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter from non-road mobile sources were close to those of motor vehicles. At present, China has initially formed a new management system for environmental protection information disclosure and low-level district demarcation of non-road mobile machinery, but the environmental management of non-road mobile sources is still in the exploration stage.
China has initially established a new system for motor vehicle environmental management, and implemented a series of environmental management systems, such as the newly-produced motor vehicle environmental protection information disclosure, environmental protection compliance supervision, yellow label vehicles and the accelerated elimination of old vehicles. It is studying and formulating motor vehicle environmental recalls and cleaning. The diesel engine operation and other systems, the relevant laws, regulations, and standards systems have been continuously improved, and the regulatory capabilities have been gradually strengthened. In 2016, all regions and relevant departments took comprehensive measures from the supervision of new vehicles, the environmental management of vehicles, the accelerated elimination of yellow-label vehicles and old vehicles, the improvement of vehicle fuels and the supply of urea for vehicles. A certain result.
According to reports, in the next step, the Ministry of Environmental Protection will effectively strengthen the environmental supervision of the whole process of production, use and elimination of motor vehicles, carry out special campaigns for counterfeiting of diesel vehicles, and coordinate with relevant departments, from industry development planning, urban public transportation, clean fuel supply, etc. In terms of comprehensive measures, we will promote the synchronization of “cars, oil and roads” and minimize the adverse effects of motor vehicles on the atmospheric environment and people's health.

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